题目内容

19．How Much Exercise Do I Need？
When it comes to exercise，less is not more-but it's certainly better than none．Physical inactivity accounts for as many as 23percent of all deaths from major chronic （慢性的） diseases，yet almost one of every three Americans is sedentary （spending a lot of time sitting down）．According to the Centers for Disease Control，29.4percent of those surveyed （调查） report they have no free-time physical activity at all．City people tend to be more active than country folks，with 27.4percent saying they are sedentary，compared with 36.6percent of those in rural areas．
Light activity can improve physical and mental well-being．While light activity is good，moderate （not very large or very small） activity is even better，and health experts encourage everyone to have at least 30minutes a day of moderate physical activity．But you don't have to head to a gym．As recent studies have confirmed，"lifestyle"activities，such as walking，house cleaning and gardening，are as effective as a structured exercise program in improving heart function，lowering blood pressure and keeping or losing weight．
In one study，overweight，sedentary middle-aged men and women who learned behavioral skills to make them more physically active，such as walking around airports or train stations while waiting for a departure，reduced their body fat percentage and improved their blood pressure and heart function as much as individuals participating in structured programs at a fitness center．In another study，fat women ranging in age from 21to 60who adopted a more active lifestyle lost as much weight as women in a low-impact aerobics （有氧健身） program-and regained fewer pounds in the following year．
Recognizing the value of different levels and types of activity，the American College of Sports Medicine has changed its recommendations on quantity and quality of exercise to include flexibility as well as aerobic and muscle exercise and to acknowledge that multiple short periods of exercise during the day are nearly as beneficial as one long session．

63．By saying that almost one third of Americans are sedentary，the author meansD．
A．they take proper exercise to be healthy
B．they know nothing about light activity
C．they are very fond of physical activity
D．they take little free-time physical activity
64．We can learn from the passage thatD．
A．light activity is especially good for the middle-aged people
B．people like light activity because it won't make them feel tired
C．people only need to do light activity three times a week to keep fit
D．light activity promotes people's well-being physically and mentally
65．What do health experts suggest about moderate activity？A
A．No less than half an hour's moderate activity daily can do us good．
B．Moderate activity is no better than light activity to people．
C．"Lifestyle"activities don't belong to moderate activity．
D．People may go to the gym to take moderate activity．
66．According to the passage，which of the following belongs to a structured exercise program？A
A．Doing gymnastics at a gym． B．Taking outdoor activities．
C．Walking．                   D．Gardening．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了我们每天应该做多少锻炼，研究表明久坐的人会增加患病的几率，因此专家建议我们每天都要做轻微的运动，最好每天做不少于三十分钟的适度运动．

解答 63．D  推理判断题，根据第一段Physical inactivity accounts for as many as 23percent of all deaths from major chronic （慢性的） diseases，yet almost one of every three Americans is sedentary （spending a lot of time sitting down）．可知几乎有三分之一的美国人是久坐不动的，这说明他们很少有空闲时间的体力活动，故选D．
64．D  细节理解题，根据第二段Light activity can improve physical and mental well-being．While light activity is good，moderate （not very large or very small） activity is even better，and health experts encourage everyone to have at least 30minutes a day of moderate physical activity．可知轻微活动能促进人的身心健康，故选D．
65．A  细节理解题，根据第二段and health experts encourage everyone to have at least 30minutes a day of moderate physical activity．But you don't have to head to a gym．可知健康专家建议每天做30分钟的适度活动，故选A．
66．A  推理判断题，根据第二段As recent studies have confirmed，"lifestyle"activities，such as walking，house cleaning and gardening，are as effective as a structured exercise program in improving heart function，lowering blood pressure and keeping or losing weight．可知结构化的运动计划包括散步，清洁房子和园艺，由此推知在健身房做体操也属于结构化的运动计划，故选A．

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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17．With the development of society，the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before．However，every coin has two sides．Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the statistics．I feel there are a number of reasons for this．
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices．This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves．If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take-away food．
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight．I agree to this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops．If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives．
There is a third reason for this situation．Children these days take very little exercise．They do not walk to school．When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers．Not only is this an unhealthy pastime（消遣），it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food．What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports．
The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits．
50．What is suggested by the author to deal with"overweight"？C
A．Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods．
B．Asking young children to walk to school every day．
C．Living an active life and removing bad eating habits．
D．Not watching TV or playing computer games after school．
51．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text？B

52．The author writes the passage toC
A．show people a social problem          
B．provide facts for government
C．advise solutions to a problem           
D．compare opinions with people
53．The underlined word"diversified"in the first paragraph most probably meansA
A．various       B．difficult         C．expensive          D．available．
18．The fact that she knows when to study and when to play ______a lot about the secret of her success．（　　）
A．guessesB．appearsC．talksD．says
7．Climate change could affect food supplies，water resources，human health and homes．
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate，global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100．This doesn't sound much，but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age．
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate：melting ice，more evaporation（蒸发），changes in geographical patterns of rainfall，heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells，more frequent heat waves，more intense hurricanes，and sea level rise．
These changes could affect crop growth as drought，increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers（冰川）disrupt water supply．Some crops could suffer heat stress．While there may be benefits in some regions，overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies．The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world．A global temperature rise of 1-2°C is expected to increase food production in some regions，particularly mid-latitude areas．But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields．A temperature rise of 3°C or more could threaten global food resources，as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall．
Freshwater resources could also diminish，especially in tropical regions，as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up．Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear，while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding，leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera（霍乱）becoming more widespread．
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts-both positive and negative．On the negative side，scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition，heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera．Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia，overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health．
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes，heavier rainfall and rising sea levels．Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world，owing to a combination of heavier rainfall，rising sea levels and increased storm damage．Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires．
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world．

67．With global temperature increased by 1-2°C，D．
A．crops yields could be increased in tropical regions
B．food production could rise throughout the world
C．chances are that food resources would be threatened overall
D．mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts
68．The underlined word"hypothermia"in Paragraph 6 possibly means a serious medical condition caused byA．
A．lower temperature than normal       
B．higher temperature than normal
C．more cases of malnutrition               
D．cases of waterborne diseases
69．According to the passage，climate change has both positive and negative effects onC．
A．food supplies and buildings         
B．freshwater resources and homes
C．human health and food supplies      
D．human health and homes
70．The passage is mainly meant to tell usB．
A．how global warming leads to changes in the climate
B．how climate change affects people worldwide 
C．why climate change affects our crop growth
D．why climate change contributes to all bad results．
4．If you send the application form before 8o'clock tomorrow morning，I can      you an interview．（　　）
A．instructB．determineC．guaranteeD．recommend
11．Colorful fruits and vegetables are helpful to our health．Their（61）natural（nature） colors help protect our bodies from disease．Think about the colors of fruits and vegetables---the red of tomatoes，the orange of carrots，the green of apples and the purple of grapes．
You can enjoy （62）eating（eat） f ruits and vegetables of all colors---green，yellow，blue，purple，and white．Each color（63）is（be） important to our health．These colors work together to protect （64）our（we） bodies．Scientists have studied them and discovered （65）thegood of colorful fruits and vegetables．The list below shows some benefits of some colors in fruits and vegetables：
Red gives us a healthy heart．It can（66）possibly（possible） reduce heart disease．Red helps improve our memory．
Yellow is good （67）forour eyes．
White can reduce cholesterol（胆固醇）．
Green is helpful to eyes．It also gives us strong bones and （68）teeth（tooth）．
Blue helps us keep a good memory as we grow old．It also helps fight heart disease．
So，69 you are buying or eating fruits and vegetables，remember（70）to try（ try）different colors of them．
10．One day，when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office．It was David．He kept walking up and down restlessly，his face pale，and his hands shaking slightly．His head teacher had referred him to me．"This boy has lost his family，"he wrote．"He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others，and I'm very worried about him．Can you help？"
I looked at David and showed him to a chair．How could I help him？There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to，and which no words can describe．Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically．
The first two times we met，David didn't say a word．He sat there，only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me．I suggested we play a game of chess．He nodded．After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon-in complete silence and without looking at me．It's not easy to cheat in chess，but I admit I made sure David won once or twice．
Usually，he arrived earlier than agreed，took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down．It seemed as if he enjoyed my company．But why did he never look at me？
"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，"I thought．"Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering．"Some months later，when we were playing chess，he looked up at me suddenly．
"It's your turn，"he said．
After that day，David started talking．He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club．He wrote to me a few times，about his biking with some friends，and about his plan to get into university．Now he had really started to live his own life．
Maybe I gave David something．But I also learned that one-without any words-can reach out to another person．All it takes is a hug，a shoulder to cry on，a friendly touch，and an ear that listens．

47．When he first met the author，DavidC．
A．felt a little excited           
B．walked energetically
C．looked a little nervous        
D．showed up with his teacher
48．As a psychologist，the authorA．
A．was ready to listen to David
B．was skeptical about psychology
C．was able to describe David's problem
D．was sure of handling David's problem
49．David enjoyed being with the author because heB．
A．wanted to ask the author for advice
B．needed to share sorrow with the author
C．liked the children's drawings in the office
D．beat the author many times in the chess game
50．What can be inferred about David？A
A．He recovered after months of treatment．
B．He liked biking before he lost his family．
C．He went into university soon after starting to talk．
D．He got friends in school before he met the author．
20．We know that sugary sodas aren't good for our bodies．Now it turns out that they may not be good for our minds，either．A new study of more than 260，000 people has found a link between sweetened soft-drinks and depression，and diet sodas may be making matters worse．
Americans drink far more sodas than people in other countries-as much as 170 liters per person per year．But the impact of this study isn't limited to the United States．"Sweetened drinks，coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical consequences．And they may have important mental-health consequences as well，"study author Dr Honglei Chen said in a statement．
The study studied 263，925 people between the ages of 50 and 71．Researchers followed their consumption of drinks like soda，tea coffee，and other soft drinks from 1995 to 1996 and then.10 years later，asked them if they had been diagnosed with depression since the year 2000．More than 11，3000 of them had．
Participants who drank more than four servings of sodas per day were 30 percent more likely to develop depression than participants who did not drink sodas at all．People who stuck with fruit punch（鸡尾酒），had a 38 percent higher risk than people who didn't drink sweetened drinks．And all that extra sugar isn't the actual problem．Researchers say that the artificial sweetener aspartame may be to blame．
The study found a link but could not surely determine whether sodas and other sweet soft drinks cause depression．Still，the results"are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that artificially sweetened beverages may be linked to poor health outcomes．"
But there's a bright side for those who can't live without their daily sodas．Adults who drank coffee had a 10 percent lower risk of depression compared to people who didn't drink any coffee，according to the study．"Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk，"said Chen．

41．What has the new study of more than 260，000 people found？C
A．Sugary sodas aren't good for the physical health of old people．
B．Americans have a special tooth for sweet foods．
C．Sweetened soft-drinks may increase the risk of depression．
D．Sweetened soft-drinks have important physical consequences．
42．What do we know about the process of the study？D
A．About twenty-six thousand people participated in it．
B．The oldest participants were below 80 when the study was over．
C．Most of the participants had depression when the study was over．
D．The study lasted more than ten years from the beginning to the end．
43．We infer that the underlined word"aspartame"in Paragraph 4 refers to something thatD
A．can reduce the harm of sweetened drinks
B．is used to reduce the risk of depression
C．is mainly used to make fruit punch
D．is used to make something．sweet
44．It is implied in the passage thatA．
A．more research is needed to confirm the new findings
B．the new findings aren't consistent with any previous findings
C．cutting one's sodas intake will surely reduce one's depression
D．the new findings won't have an impact on people's drinking habits
45．What should you drink in order to reduce the risk of depression？B
A．Sodas．
B：Unsweetened coffee．
C．Sugary coffee．
D．Fruit punch．

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