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短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Some say small talk is useless conversation lacked meaning and value. Meanwhile, there is nothing small about small talk. Simple although it is, small talk makes it possibly for us to start friendships with strangers. To master this skill, you should first realize that a friendly greeting plays important part in successful small talk. Remember to smile when you come across with someone you knew. Start a conversation by saying something fun but positive. During the conversation, keep listening carefully to find some interesting topic which may appear in the speaker’s words. If you have to go, make sure you say goodbye genuinely to avoid make the person embarrassed.

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Here is a true story about a famous man who worked in the White House and a criminal. They once faced the same thing: their mother gave them apples when they were young.

The criminal said: one day, my mother brought some apples and asked my brother and me: “Which do you want?” “The reddest and biggest one,” my little brother said. My mother stared at him and said to him angrily: “You should learn to give the good things to others; you shouldn’t always think of yourself.” Seeing this, I suddenly changed my idea and then said to my mother, “Mum, please give me the smaller one and give the bigger one to my little brother.” Hearing my words, my mother was very happy. She kissed me on my face and gave the reddest and biggest apple to me as a prize. From them on, I learned to tell lies, fight, steal and rob. In order to get what I wanted, I played hard. As a result, I was sent into prison.

The famous man from the white house said, One day, my mother brought some apples. She said to my brother and me: “You all want the reddest and biggest one, right? Well, let’s have a competition. Now I divided the grassland in front of the gate into two and I will give one to each of you and you must shear(修剪) it well. And I will give the reddest and biggest apple to him who does it the most quickly and best.”

After the competition, I won and I got the biggest apple. In our family, as long as you want to get the best things, you must take part in competition. I think it is fair. No matter what you want, you must pay lots of efforts.

1.The criminal got the reddest and biggest apple because______.

A. he knew how to make his mother happy from her answer

B. he told the truth that he wanted a smaller one

C. elder brother should of course have the bigger one

D. his mother loved him more than she loved the younger brother

2.We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A. it’s wrong to ask children to choose apples when they are not old enough.

B. it’s wrong to ask children not to always think of themselves.

C. it’s important to make children aware that no matter what they want, they must pay work

D. it’s always necessary to have a competition when we give children apple.

3.The writer tells the story by _______.

A. organizing it in the order of time.

B. describing it in the order of space

C. providing some scientific information

D. making a comparison between two men

4.It is implied in the passage that _______.

A. a mother’s educational method has a great influence on a child’s growing.

B. in order to get what we want, we should play hard.

C. we should always try to win competitions which can bring us a lot.

D. giving children apples will lead them to become criminals.

In her new book, “The Smartest Kids in the World,” Amanda Ripley, an investigative journalist, tells the story of Tom, a high-school student from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, who decides to spend his senior year in Warsaw, Poland. Poland is a surprising educational success story: in the past decade, the country raised students’ test scores from significantly below average to well above it. Polish kids have now outscored(超过……分数) American kids in math and science, even though Poland spends, on average, less than half as much per student as the United States does. One of the most striking differences between the high school Tom attended in Gettysburg and the one he ends up at in Warsaw is that the latter has no football team, or, for that matter, teams of any kind.

That American high schools waste more time and money on sports than on math is an old complaint. This is not a matter of how any given student who plays sports does in school, but of the culture and its priorities. This December, when the latest Program for International Student Assessment(PISA) results are announced, it’s safe to predict that American high-school students will once again display their limited skills in math and reading, outscored not just by students in Poland but also by students in places like South Korea, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Singapore, and Japan. Meanwhile, they will have played some very exciting football games, which will have been breathlessly written up in their hometown papers.

Why does this situation continue? Well, for one thing, kids like it. And for another, according to Ripley, parents seem to like the arrangement, too. She describes a tour she took of a school in Washington D.C., which costs thirty thousand dollars a year. The tour leader—a mother with three children in the school—was asked about the school’s flaws(暇疵). When she said that the math program was weak, none of the parents taking the tour reacted. When she said that the football program was weak, the parents suddenly became concerned. “Really?” one of them asked worriedly, “What do you mean?”

One of the ironies(讽刺) of the situation is that sports reveal what is possible. American kids’ performance on the field shows just how well they can do when expectations are high. It’s too bad that their test scores show the same thing.

1.According to Paragraph 2, we know that _______.

A. too much importance is placed on sports in America

B. little time is spent on sports in Japanese schools

C. American high schools complain about sports time

D. PISA plays a very important role in America

2.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _______.

A. American students’ academic performance worries their parents a lot

B. high expectations push up American students’ academic performance

C. low expectations result in American students’ poor PISA performance

D. lacking practice contributes to American students’ average performance

3.The purpose of this article is to _______.

A. draw public attention to a weakness in American school tradition

B. call on American schools to learn from the Polish model

C. compare Polish schools with those in America

D. explain what is wrong with American schools and provide solutions

You needn’t be too concerned about what to wear to the party—it’s all _____ anyway, because you haven’t even been invited yet.

A. academic B. painful C. physical D. Economical

Online purchases have soared during the Chinese New Year holiday.

It’s the dead of winter in Shanghai. Delivery man Liu Jia and his colleagues start the day when most of people are still asleep. Working at a distribution point of a shopping website in Shanghai, they promise to deliver products within three hours of an order being placed. “I buy most of my grocery online, especially the heavy items. It’s convenient and cheap compared to the supermarket in my neighborhood,” Customer Chen Hong said. Orders such as these have increased for the New Year, forcing Liu Jia to work around the clock. “The orders are usually rice, laundry detergent（洗涤剂）, tissue paper and snacks, mostly food and articles for everyday use,” Liu Jia said.

According to an industry report, China’s B2C （Business to Customer） online sales are growing at an annual rate of 25 percent. Competition between online giants like Taobao and Jingdong is now fiercer than ever. “The essence of online shopping is that customers can buy products easily. So the competition is about: firstly, the range of products; secondly, the depth under each category of products; third, the price and user experience,” Pan Biao, vice president of YHD. com, said. E-commerce is one of China’s fastest growing sectors. It’s changed people’s buying habits, and even their living habits. And it’s had a huge impact on the retail industry. To make online shopping more convenient, major sites are investing heavily to build payment systems

and logistics（物流）networks.

On average, a retailer now can deliver goods to the majority of cities within 3 days, and to towns and more remote areas in the country within a week. “Competition will produce a number of good companies, making better products and services that customers need. In the field of E-commerce, we are leading the world in terms of products, services and industry development,” Liu Yinbin, associate professor with Dept of Information Management, Shanghai University, said. Experts also say customers are increasingly making their online purchases from mobile devices, opening up vast new opportunities and competition for retailers.

1.All of the following about Liu Jia are true EXCEPT that ________.

A. he works as an online store owner in Shanghai

B. he has to work around the clock to deliver so many products

C. he starts working when most of people are still asleep

D. he must deliver products within three hours of an order being placed

2.The possible meaning of the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 3 is ________.

A. way B. advantage

C. result D. influence

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Chen Hong buys most of her electronic products online.

B. Pan Biao encourages retailers to open up new chances.

C. China’s B2C online sales are growing at a rate of 25 percent.

D. Liu Yinbin thinks competition will help make better products and services.

4.Which of the following can be the best topic of the passage?

A. Customers like buying mobile devices.

B. Online shopping increases rapidly for Chinese New Year.

C. Most customers buy food and articles for everyday use.

D. Taobao and Jingdong are competing fiercely.

Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier. While this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a serious environmental problem. The shortened hibernation period could actually lead to significant decreases in the population of several species.

Some of the first evidence of the problem came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological Lab have been observing marmot (旱獭) hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots wake up about a month earlier.

At least the marmots are still hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. Chipmunks (花鼠) in the US and some snakes in Australia also skipped the hibernation period. The bears seem to have survived without losing many individuals. The chipmunks and snakes, however, were not so lucky. Many of the animals died of starvation during the winter.

The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures' metabolism (新陈代谢). When the animals hibernate, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals' heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake in the spring, their metabolism returns to normal.

But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren't as available as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it's spring, but plants will not have got the amount of sun they need to grow. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.

Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse. For many biologists, that's a scary prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said, “I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species.”

1.What is the viewpoint of the writer?

A. Global warming will continue to get worse as time goes on.

B. Waking up early in spring may lead to the extinction of some animals.

C. Shortened hibernation will definitely decrease the population of animals.

D. Animals which do not hibernate die of starvation.

2.The writer sets the example of the marmot in order to .

A. indicate that global warming influences animals' hibernation

B. explain that the weather gets warmer and warmer now

C. show that the weather in the United States is quite different

D. say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather

3.Judging from recent observation, which of the following animals suffered the LEAST from shortened hibernation?

A. Brown bears.

B. Marmots.

C. Some snakes in Australia.

D. Chipmunks in the US.

4.Why can't marmots find enough food when they wake up?

A. Because there are too many marmots in the wild now.

B. Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now.

C. Because winter days end much earlier than before.

D. Because plants haven't received enough sunlight for spring growth.

Taj Mahal, Agra, India

As many as 28 different varieties of semi-precious and precious stones were used to decorate the outside of the Taj Mahal. Construction of the Taj Mahal took around 20 years. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries (采石场）of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight.

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan

It took 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan’s mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was ferry. However, the waterway was prone to (易于) severe storms and when two ferries capsized (倾覆) in 1955, killing 168 people, public anger convinced (使确信) the government of the need for a bridge. It’s the longest suspension (悬浮) bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters.

Panama Canal, Panama

More than 4.5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal’s locks and dams. The Panama Canal is a 77-kilometer (47-mile) long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble excavated (挖掘) to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allow ships to pass through the water; each of the moveable lock doors weighs 750 tons and each of the locks fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year. Completion date: January 7, 1914 after 10 years of building.

Grand Canyon Skywalk, Arizona, America

The Skywalk’s foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds. Located 1, 219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon’s Skywalk consists of one million pounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Skywalk was assembled (装配) on site. Completion date: March 28, 2007.

1.Which construction took the longest time to build?

A. The Taj Mahal.

B. The Panama Canal.

C. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.

D. The Grand Canyon Skywalk.

2.The Japanese government decided to build the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge ________________.

A. in the year of 1955

B. following public opinion

C. to show its national power

D. to develop Japan’s economy

3.According to the text, we can infer that the Panama Canal _______________.

A. is 77 miles long

B. is close to Manhattan

C. benefits the shipping companies

D. allows 15,000 ships to pass through daily

4.In which section of a book can the passage probably be seen?

A. Health. B. Agriculture.

C. Education. D. Architecture.

One day, around Christmas time, fishermen off the west coast of Peru started on their traditional fishing trip. Much to their surprise, there were no fish! They knew immediately what had happened. Tales from years gone by had told them this was the result of El Nino which sometimes stop fishing for many months!

El Nino is a warm current that comes and goes along the west coast of South America. It got its name from fishermen in Peru more than a century ago. Every few years, they noticed a sudden warming in the normally cool Pacific water where they fished. Because this warming often came about around Christmas, they called it El Nino, which is Spanish for the “Christ Child”. Generally, El Nino occurs every three to seven years and lasts only a few weeks to a month or more.

El Nino warms the water it flows through. Because the fish and sea birds need cold water to live, many of them die when El Nino comes through. El Nino also causes both floods and droughts. It is believed that El Nino may have caused the 1993 Mississippi and 1995 California floods. And at the same time, it may have caused droughts in South America, Africa and Australia.

El Nino has occurred thirteen times within the last fifty years, bringing natural disasters to many countries such as Indonesia and Peru. However, El Nino does not often trouble China. During this period China was badly hit by El Nino only once. In 1998, North China had a terrible drought, while South China was troubled by floods.

1.The underlined word "current" （in Paragraph 2）most probably refers to “______”.

A. water B. wind C. atmosphere D. climate

2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about El Nino?

A. It happens in November and December.

B. It was named by some Spanish fishermen.

C. It only happens in South America.

D. It lasts a few weeks or more.

3.If El Nino happens, the following will take place EXCEPT ______.

A. rises in temperature of the sea water

B. diseases spreading around the world

C. floods and droughts

D. death of fish and sea birds

4.The purpose of this passage is ______.

A. to discuss the prevention of El Nino

B. to explain how El Nino trouble farmers

C. to let us know about El Nino

D. to tell us how to prepare for El Nino

The sports meeting we have been looking forward to ___________ finally.

A. comes B. come C. coming D. have come

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