题目内容

【题目】The days of having to carry a phone charger everywhere could soon be over. Michigan researchers have revealed a major breakthrough in harvesting energy from human motion.

They say it could lead to smartphones powered for a week by the motion of a swipe (重击).

Michig an State Univ ersity’s low -cost devic e, known as a nanogenerator, has already been tested. Scientists success fully operated an LCD touch screen, a bank of 20 LED lights and a flexib le keyboard, all with a simple touching or pressing motion and without the aid of a battery. The groundbreaking findings, published in the journal Nano Energy, suggest “We’re on the path tow ard wearable devices powered by human motion,” said Nelson Sepulv eda, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and lead researcher of the project.

“What I foresee, relatively soon, is the capability of not having to charge your cell phone for an entire week, for example, because that energy will be produced by your movement,” said Sepulveda, whose researchis funded by the National Science Foundation.

Electrical energy is created when the device is compressed by human motion. The completed device is as thin as a sheet of paper. The device used to power the LED lights was palm-sized, w hile the device used to power the touch screen was as small as a finger. Advantag es such as being lightweight, flexib le and low -cost could make it a promis ing and alternative method in the field of Mechanical-energy harvesting.

The device also becomes more powerful when folded. Sepulveda said, “You can start with a large device, but when you fold it once, and again, and again, it’s much smaller and has more energy. Now it may be small enough to put in a specially made heel of your shoe so it creates power each time your heel strikes the ground.”

Sepulveda and his team are also develop ing technology that w ould transmit the power generated by the heel strike to, say, a w irelessheadset.

1The underlined word “device” in the second paragraph probably refers to .

A. a piece of equipment B. a special kind of smartphone

C. a touch screen D. a flexible keyboard

2What can we learn about Nelson Sepulveda in the passage?

A. He works as a journalist writing for Nano Energy.

B. He plays a major role in the project of the nanogenerator.

C. He invented a type of battery-free smartphone.

D. He collects funds for the National Science Foundation.

3From the passage we know that the nanogenerator .

A. becomes more powerful when kept flat

B. has already come into market in the USA

C. is lightweight and flexible though expensive

D. makes it possible to produce power by walking

4The purpose of the passage is to .

A. persuade people to buy the device

B. bring in a new way to save energy

C. introduce a breakthrough in science

D. honor Nelson Sepulveda for his contributions

【答案】

1A

2B

3D

4C

【解析】

本文介绍了科学上的一项重大突破。密歇根的研究人员取得了一项重大突破, 可从人体动作中收集能量。

1词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句中known as a nanogenerator, has already been tested.即纳米发电器,已通过测试。可知前文划线部分的意思应该是一种设备,故选A。

2推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We’re on the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion,” said Nelson Sepulv eda, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and lead researcher of the project.可知,Nelson Sepulveda在纳米发电机的项目中起着重要的作用。故选B。

3推理判断题。根据第二段中“We’re on the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion,” 我们正在走向可穿戴设备,由人体运动来驱动。可知通过步行来生产动力已变成可能。故选D。

4目的意图题。根据文章第一段“The days of having to carry a phone charger everywhere could soon be over.Michigan researchers have revealed a major breakthrough in harvesting energy from human motion.They say it could lead to smartphones powered for a week by the motion of a swipe(重击). ”随身携带手机充电器的日子可能即将过去。密歇根的研究人员取得了一项重大突破, 可从人体动作中收集能量。研究人员称,从刷手机这一动作中获取的能量足以供智能手机续航一周。可知本文在介绍科学上的一项重大突破。故选C。

做推理判断题时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时,考生一定要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法,主观臆断。本题第3小题,根据第二段中“We’re on the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion,” 我们正在走向可穿戴设备,由人体运动来驱动。可知通过步行来生产动力已变成可能。

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【题目】 Getting a high grade in an exam depends partly on how much you can remember. So, improving memory is essential to success in studying. But is there anything that we can do about it? One solution might be walking backwards.

According to a new study published in the Journal of Cognition, walking backwards, whether doing it really or just imagining it, can boost (增强) the brainpower in the short term.

In the study, 114 volunteers were asked to watch a video in which a woman had her bag stolen. Then they answered 20 questions about the details shown in the video. Ten minutes after watching the video, the volunteers were divided into three groups. The first two groups were told to move forwards or backwards 10 meters while the third group was asked to stay still on the same point. The researchers found that the backwards-walking group got two more correct answers on average than the other two groups. This suggests that a relationship between the concepts (概念) of time and space is essential to the way our minds form memories.

When we walk backwards, everything we learn becomes strange to us. "This forces the brain to think in a different way—it's a rewiring and changes the focus," US neuropsychologist (神经心理学家) Christine Weber told Forbes. It almost always means that our brain needs to be more active and alert in the limited time. Naturally, our short-term memory will be improved significantly.

Apart from improving our memory, walking backwards also plays an important role in physical health, especially fitness. A study published in Journal of Biomechanics in 2012 found that backward walking puts less strain and requires a smaller range of movements from the knee joints (膝关节). Thus, there's less pressure and pain in the knees.

In addition, walking backwards, compared to forward walking, is more challenging. It requires you to use muscles and movements that you probably rarely use, making it a perfect way to change your exercise routine for greater fitness gains. Meanwhile, by making people put in extra effort, it naturally burns more fat and calories.

1Which group of people perform best in the memory test?

A.The staying-still group.B.The forwards-walking group.

C.The imaginary-walking group.D.The backwards-walking group.

2In what way does walking backwards benefit people's health?

A.It can make people slim.B.It can reduce peopled stress.

C.It can strengthen people's joints.D.It can make people more energetic.

3What do we know about backward walking?

A.It follows our exercise routine.

B.It limits people's thinking time.

C.It directs our focus to important details.

D.It makes people's brain more active and alert.

4What's the writer's purpose in writing paragraph 4?

A.To add another aspect of the topic.

B.To support the result of the research.

C.To sum up the main idea of the passage.

D.To provide some background information.

【题目】Best summer camps for families in the USA

Frost Valley

The Frost Valley camp in Claryuville, New Your, Which was founded in 1901, is one of the oldest camps in the United States. It covers 6,000 acres in the Catskills. It offers a week-long family camp only in August that includes all the traditional activities. For living, you can choose from tents, cabins, Forssmann Castle (a restaurant), and the Strausss Center country house.

Medomak

This is a very small camp in Washington, Maine, and it can only hold 12 families at a time. Medomak is your classic summer camp, with cabin-style accommodations (食宿) that includes a bathroom and family-style meals that will be served in the camp’s farmhouse dining room. The camp covers 250 acres and includes a lake.

Takodah

Takodah, a camp in Richmond, New Hampshire, lets you choose your pace. You can fill your day with activities like pick-up games and swimming or just be relaxed to read a book. A favorite activity is a trip to Mount Monadnock. You will also stay in a family house and eat together in the dining room.

Camp Hanes

Camp Hanes is a camp in King, North Carolina, which offers family camping on weekends. It is a little primitive (原始的), and you will have to bring your own bedding where you stay, but it does have electricity and air conditioners. You will eat family-style meals with other camping families. And of course, you can gather around the campfire as a family in the evening.

1What do we know about Frost Valley?

A.It opens to campers all the year around.

B.It has the longest history in America.

C.It limits the number of camping families.

D.It offers campers different kinds of living places.

2What is the most popular activity in Takodah?

A.Supplying free meals.B.Climbing Mount Monadnock.

C.Reading what you like.D.Making a fire in the evening.

3What should you do if you want to take part in Camp Hanes?

A.Prepare a flashlight.B.Be good at swimming.

C.Bring your own bedding.D.Wear comfortable shoes.

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