题目内容

【题目】阅读理解。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ___________ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the ___________, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, ___________ , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ___________ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of ___________ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to ___________ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general ___________. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ___________ managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without ___________ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: ___________ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ___________ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ___________ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ___________ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or ___________ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the ___________ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

【1】A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

【2】A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme

【3】A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise

【4】A. outside B. inside C. below D. above

【5】A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

【6】A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply

【7】A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

【8】A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male

【9】A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

【10】A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

【11】A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

【12】A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

【13】A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

【14】A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

【15】A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【5】C

【6】B

【7】A

【8】D

【9】A

【10】C

【11】B

【12】B

【13】D

【14】A

【15】C

【解析】

试题分析:本文是说明文,介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。

【1】考查动词辨析。根据后半句....will do anything to avoid it可知人们本能上不喜欢工作他们逃避工作可以做任何事情故D项正确。

【2】考查名词辨析。to the contrary相反的;to the degree在某种程度上;to the extreme走向极端。此处是说,无论如何,尽管很多证据与这个理论相反,很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。

【3】由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高,就需要给与他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B正确。

【4】考查副词辨析。根据后句可知,此处是说,他们的决定是来自上而下的,没有任何商量的余地。故D项above上面的正确。

【5】考查动词辨析。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论,此处是说,不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C正确。

【6】考查动词短语辨析。refer to提到,谈到;contribute to做贡献;导致;object to反对;apply to适用于。此处是说,亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法,所有人都被要求对管理的过程出自己的贡献。故B正确。

【7】考查名词辨析。agreement同意;practice练习,做法;election选举;impression印象。此处是说,亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同协商基础之上的,西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A正确。

【8】考查形容词辨析。根据前半句....women will become more effective managers than men....可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力,比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。

【9】考查动词辨析。根据前句... encourage employees to use their own initiative... "(鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神,也就是说在出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。

【10】考查动词辨析。根据the trend towards downsizing"(缩小规模的趋势)可知,也就是要减少管理层的数量,可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词reduce减少符合语境

【11】考查形容词短语。be honored with被授予;be left with留下,剩下;be crowded with挤满;be compared with与……相比;通过这种方法,公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节,提高了管理的效益。故B正确。

【12】考查副词辨析。economically经济地;traditionally传统地;inadequately不充分地;occasionally偶尔地;根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法,与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。

【13】考查动词辨析。deny否认;admit承认;assume假定,设想;ensure保证,确保;授权管理是一种新型的管理方法,省略了中央管理环节,保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。

【14】virtual虚拟的;ineffective低效的;day-to-day日常的;on-the-scene现场的根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中,人们都是通过邮件和网络联系,说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。

【15】考查名词辨析。opinion观点;risk冒险;performance表现;attractiveness魅力;根据后半句中in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。

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相关题目

【题目】阅读理解。

Beijing plans to keep a tight rule on pollution by cutting emissions caused by industrial production and vehicles when it hosts the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in November.

From November 3 to 12, the city will restrict the use of private vehicles based on evenand oddnumbered license plates, reducing the use of such vehicles by 35 percent, the municipal (市政府的) traffic committee said on Thursday.

All vehicles transporting construction waste and dangerous chemicals will be banned from the capital's roads during this period, but the restriction will not apply to buses, taxis and other vehicles such as police cars.

The measures are similar to those introduced from July 20 to Sept. 20 in 2008 during the Beijing Olympic Games.

“The number of passengers using public transport will increase by 3 million a day, said Li Shaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau.

During the 10 days, 400 additional buses will be used to transport commuters to meet the increased demands.

The municipal government has also drawn up eight plans to reduce industrial pollution during the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation forum.

Zhuang Zhidong, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, said, “From Nov. 3, production at some companies listed by the government will be suspended for 10 days.”

Work will also be suspended at all construction sites and on demolition projects during this period.

“More importantly, Beijing will work with its neighbors to control emissions,” Zhuang said, adding that there will be regular discussion on air pollution among six governments.

Neighboring authorities in Tianjin Municipality, Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will operate strict pollution control measures over the 10 days.

Media reports said that from Nov. 7 to 12, employee departments, institutes and social organizations in Beijing can have a holiday, except for departments dealing with the APEC meeting and city management.

【1】What can we learn from the passage?

A.Cars can't be used in Beijing from November 3 to 12.

B.Not all the people in Beijing can have a holiday from November 7 to 12.

C.Citizens will choose buses as their only means of transport.

D.All the neighboring provinces will take the same measures.

【2】What is the purpose of the vehicle restriction?

A.To reduce the emissions caused by vehicles.

B.To call on people to use public transport.

C.To advocate a new lifestyle.

D.To display the friendliness of Beijing people.

【3】The underlined word “suspended” (Paragraph 8) probably means “________”.

A.delayed B.continued

C.completed D.reduced

【4】Where can you probably read the passage?

A.In a travel guide. B.In a research paper.

CIn a newspaper. D.In a literature magazine.

【题目】阅读理解。

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze

Golden Rules of Good Design

What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to1the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.

Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary2

More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is3design. Post-Modernist designers began to4with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen5such as ovens and kettles.

Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is6. For example, think of a(n)7desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to8light where it is needed.

From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into9the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily10the toothpaste onto our brush.

【题目】阅读理解。

A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.

While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

【1】According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.

A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxious

C. were less active D. woke up later

【2】Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?

A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years

B. It can make people more energetic

C. It exists in milk in great amount

D. It’s used in sleeping drugs

【3】What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health

C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health

【4】How does the author support the theme of the text?

A. By giving examples.

B. By stating arguments.

C. By explaining statistical data.

D. By providing research results.

【题目】阅读理解。

Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.

My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports werent written until the final threat.

Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). Theyre called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.

When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”

I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).

But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.

My son ,with other motorheads,fixed the car. They got parts(零件)from ajunkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The lost was $25 instead of $80.

Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.

These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.

I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.

My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.

【1】What used to be the authors hope for his son?

A. To avoid becoming his clone.

B. To resemble him in appearance.

C. To develop in a different direction.

D. To reach the authors unachieved goals.

【2】What can we learn about the authors children?

A. His daughter does better in school.

B. His daughter has got a masters degree.

C. His son tried hard to finish homework.

D. His son couldnt write his book reports.

【3】The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.

A. His son had the ability to fix it.

B. it would save him much time.

C. it wouldnt cause him any more loss

D. other motorheads would come to help.

【4】In the authors eyes, motorheads are _______.

A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart

C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude

【5】What did the author realize in the end?

A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.

B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.

C. Architects play a more important role than builders.

D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.

【题目】 On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.

Hey, arent you from Mississippi? the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. Im from Mississippi too.

Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.

They began telling me all the news of Mississippi, Welty said. I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.

Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).

My friends said: Now we believe your stories, Welty added. And I said: Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.

Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.

I dont make them up, she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. I dont have to.

Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.

【1】What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?

A. Two strangers joined her.

B. Her childhood friends came in

C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner

D. Some people held a party there.

【2】The underlined word them in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys _______.

A. readers B. parties

C. friends D. stories

【3】 What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?

A. They live in big cities.

B. They are mostly women.

C. They come from real life.

D. They are pleasure seekers.

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