The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government’s health budget be used for healt 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (认知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
小题1:There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.

A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (动态) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?

A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.

B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.

C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.

D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.

小题2:According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?

A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.

B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.

C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.

D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.

小题3: Para 5 functions as .

小题4: Parents are supposed to when their kids are growing up.

A．continue their broken marriage

B．allow children to decide when to sleep

C．limit teens’ using new technology

D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer， saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake， through diet or a vitamin supplement，" Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies， including several large long-term ones， on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer，" he said， urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk， as well as in some fortified orange juice， yogurt and cheeses， usually at around 100 international units （IU） a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day， Garland said， adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas， which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
African Americans， who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour， could also benefit significantly from a higher intake， the authors said.
小题1: According to the passage， people are advised to take more Vitamin D because_________.

A．it is nutritious

B．it can‘t harm people’s health

C．it is not taken enough every day

D．it can lower cancer risk

小题2: Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D？

A．Have more meat	B．Have some sunshine
C．Have a vitamin supplement	D．Have more fortified cheese

小题3:Who can Garland probably be？

A．A scientist	B．A health researcher
C．A doctor	D．A public health official

小题4:Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer？

A．Fortified orange juice	B．Milk
C．Fortified yogurt	D．All of the above

小题5:People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage？

A．Asian people	B．American people
C．European people	D．African people

Those who spend more pre-bedtime hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report insufficient sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people spending fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or television screen, survey findings show.
“While many people use electronic media, say, the Internet, it should be noted that the longer media use before sleep can trigger (self-perceived) insufficient sleep,” lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma, of Osaka University, Japan, told the reporter.
He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media prior to bedtime from 5,875 altogether Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys. Their findings are published in Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
Nearly half of the respondents associated their problem with electronic media use before bedtime. Longer electronic media users were also more likely to report insufficient sleep.
“Overall, 29% of light users (less than 1.5 hours) listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40% of medium users (1.5 to 3 hours) and 54% of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same.
However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime did not correlate with less actual sleep.
While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep time than light users.
Notably, Suganuma said, "Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching not only in younger Internet users but also in middle-aged or aged Internet users."
Up to 38% of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance, while about 25% said watching television far into the night caused it.
The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on "sleep demand and sleep quality," Suganuma notes.
小题1: Heavy computer and television user before bed time are more likely to be______ than light ones.

小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have less sleeping time than light ones.

B．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have worse sleep than light ones.

C．Those suffering insufficient sleep spend less time in using internet than in watching TV.

D．Spend less time in watching TV or surfing the internet, and you will have a better sleep.

小题3:The passage seems to suggest that people ______.

A．be far away from media.

B．watch TV rather than use internet

C．cut down late-night Internet and TV

D．Stop late-night internet and TV

小题4:Which of the following phrases is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase in the sixth paragraph?

A．have any connection with	B．make a friend with
C．share the opinion with	D．in accordance with

Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease (心血管病). Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. High blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease—a leading killer in many industrialized countries.
But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.
Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized.
The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual(体力的) workers, could be as great risk of heart disease than other employees. “ It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employees to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes,” the foundation said in a statement.
小题1:Healthy people may die from heart disease of ____________.

A．too much job stress

B．working too hard

C．feeling valued

D．being satisfied

小题2:Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?

A．High blood pressure is likely to cause heart disease.

B．Being overweight may cause heart disease.

C．Job stress is most likely to cause heart disease.

D．Working long hours must cause heart disease.

小题3:The underlined word “minimized” in the third paragraph means “_________”.

小题4:The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _________.

A．advise people not to work long hours

B．suggest that everyone be satisfied with everything

C．ask us to learn to enjoy ourselves

D．tell us that job stress threatens our health nowadays.

If a city wishes to host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in paragraph 2?

小题3:If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___.

A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours

B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events

C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights

D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks

小题4:According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?

A．The host city must be left with large debts

B．The city may achieve a lot of money

C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games

D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money

小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

A．How to host Olympic Games	B．Winner or loser
C．Applying for host for Olympics	D．The Olympic Games

There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the _ _ it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can _ _ people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films __ __ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to    exercise. It decreases blood pressure, the heart beat and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter   the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors     pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the     time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish( 减少 ) both stress and pain.
As a      of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by   __ them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects      to those caused by laughter.

小题2:What do the underlined words “these differences”（in Para 4 ）refer to?

A．The differences in regions（地区）	B．The cultural differences
C．The differences in age	D．The physical differences

小题3:From the passage, we can learn that, .

A．It is hard for medical tests to discover glaucoma

B．People in developed countries hardly develop glaucoma

C．Glaucoma only causes blindness among old people

D．The research on glaucoma is still going on worldwide

A．Prevention or Education?	B．Prevention or Treatment?
C．Health or Illness?	D．Exercise or Illness?

A．Unable to be cured	B．Unable to pay one’s debts
C．Stronger than ever before	D．More successful than ever before

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