题目内容
20.According to sociologists,there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States.In the fanfily traditional cultural patterns confer (~z~,) leadership on one or both of the parents.In other cases,such as friendship groups,one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders,although there is no formal process of selection.In larger groups,leaders are usually chosenformally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability,decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of"natural
leaders."It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common;rather,virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore,although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals.Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.Group members look to instrumental leaders to"get things done."
Expressive leadership,on the other hand,is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members.Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.They give orders and may discipline group members who prohibit attainment (达到) of the group's goals.Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group.They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline,are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.As the difference in these two roles suggests,expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members;
instrumental leaders,if they are successful in promoting group goals,may enjoy a more distant respect.
72.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?B
A.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
B.A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
C.A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D.Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
73.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus onC.
A.ensuring harmonious relationships
B.sharing responsibility with group members
C.achieving a goal
D.identifying new leaders
74.A"secondary relationship"between a leader and the members of a group could best be described asA.
A.distant B.enthusiastic
C.sympathetic D.personal
75.What does the passage mainly discuss?D
A.The problems faced by leaders.
B.How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C.How social groups determine who will lead them.
D.The role of leaders in social groups.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能.
解答 BCAD
72.B 推断题.根据文章第二段(It seems…virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group).可知某一特定群体的有效领导者,不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者.这正好与第二段的意思相吻合,即领导者没有一个固定的特点,只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者,故选B.
73 C 细节题.第三、四段.(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.) 主要讲了两种类型的领导者的区别.其中instrumental leader侧重于群体目标的实现,而expressive leader相对于前者并不侧重于群体目标的实现,而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持,并尽力减少内部纷争,故选C.
74 A 猜测词义题. 根据文章第三 段Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. 可知领导者与成员之间的二次元关系表示他们是有差距的,故选A.
75 D 主旨题.本篇主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能.所以D为正确答案.A、B、C选项都不能正确概括本文主旨.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

The Temple of Dendur
This 2000-year-old building stood near the Nile River,surrounded by a wall that no longer exists.But you can still peek through the gateway.Whose"house"is this?It's not for people.It's for gods.Can you identify them?They face out.A king faces in,bringing offerings.
MetSpeaks
Bringing together some of the most respected thinkers on a given subject,MetSpeaks features lectures,discussions,talks,films,and forums in which compelling voices explore timely issues that connect to the Met's exhibitions and permanent collection.Program times,audiences,and topics vary.
Time to Sketch
Settle down for a few minutes,pick something in this gallery,and have fun drawing it.Enjoy the chance to look carefully as you create your own sketch.You'll be surprised at how much more you notice,thanks to exploring art by sketching.
MetAccess
Make the Met yours!Choose from a variety of services and exciting programs that are tailored to meet the needs of visitors with disabilities.Program times,audiences,and topics vary.
Ask for the Access Information brochure and Access Calendar at Information Desks,download the Access Calendar (PDF),or call 212-650-2010or email access@metmuseum.org.
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A.99 B.111 C.87 D.103
2.What can you know about the Temple of Dendur?D
A.A high wall is surrounding the 2000-year-old building now.
B.A king faces out,bringing offerings in the temple.
C.The building is designed for Emperor to live in.
D.The Nile River witnessed the history of the building.
3.Which of the following is TRUE about the Met?C
A.Issues connected with economic crisis will be discussed in MetSpeaks.
B.Visitors can choose something in the gallery and have fun drawing it on the wall.
C.Disabled people will find various services and programs offered especially for them.
D.You can email access@metmuseum.org for more Admission information.
This seemed like a very (38)A process,but there's always some (39)D soul in the crowd who will volunteer.The instructor then(40)B that we find ways to (41)C people,or take some action to right any wrong doings.I was seriously wondering how this could ever(42)A my communication.
Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story:"Making my (43)B,I remembered an incident from high school.I grew up in a small town.There was a Sheriff (44)C of us kids liked.One night,my two buddies(伙伴) and I decided to play a(45)C on him.
After drinking a few beers,we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town,and wrote on the tank in bright red paint:Sheriff Brown is a s.o.b.(畜生).The next day,almost the whole town saw our glorious (46)B.Within two hours,Sheriff Brown had us in his office.My friends told the truth but I (47)D.No one ever found out.
Nearly 20years later.Sheriff Brown's name(48)A on my list.I didn't even know if he was still(49)D.Last weekend,I dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a Roger Brown still listed.I tried his number.After a few(50)B,1heard,"Hello?"I said,"Sheriff Brown?"Paused."Yes.""Well,this is Jimmy Calkins."
"And I want you to know that I did it?"Paused."I knew it!"he yelled back.We had a good laugh and a (51)D discussion.His closing words were:"Jimmy,I always felt bad for you (52)D your buddies got it off their chest,but you were carrying it (53)A all these years.I want to thank you for calling me for your sake."
Jimmy inspired me to (54)C all the items on my list within two years,and I always remember what I learned from the course:It's never too late to (55)C the past wrongdoings.
36.A.everything | B.anything | C.somebody | D.anybody |
37.A.ashamed | B.afraid | C.sure | D.proud |
38.A.private | B.mysterious | C.interesting | D.funny |
39.A.foolish | B.polite | C.simple | D.brave |
40.A.expected | B.suggested | C.ordered | D.hoped |
41.A.connect with | B.depend on | C.apologize to | D.get along with |
42.A.improve | B.continue | C.realize | D.keep |
43.A.notes | B.list | C.plan | D.stories |
44.A.any | B.most | C.none | D.all |
45.A.part | B.game | C.trick | D.record |
46.A.view | B.sign | C.attention | D.signal |
47.A.lay | B.laid | C.lain | D.lied |
48.A.appeared | B.considered | C.presented | D.remembered |
49.A.angry | B.happy | C.doubtful | D.alive |
50.A.words | B.rings | C.repeats | D.calls |
51.A.cold | B.plain | C.nervous | D.lively |
52.A.in case | B.so long as | C.unless | D.because |
53.A.around | B.out | C.off | D.away |
54.A.build up | B.make up | C.clear up | D.give up |
55.A.regret | B.forgive | C.right | D.punish |