题目内容

11.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery.It reduces the human factors,mental and physical,in production,and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers.The development of automation in American industry has been called the"Second Industrial Revolution".
Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment,and fears of major changes in jobs.In the main,labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful.Eventually,the result of automation may well be an increase in employment,since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing,maintaining,and repairing automation equipment.The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved.Also,union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages,more leisure,and improved living standards.
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation,unions have adopted a number of new policies.One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans.It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment,he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments.Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements,requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service.Another approach is the idea of the"improvement factor",which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity.It is possible,however,that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.(in no more than 8 words)
78.Automation makes it possible tomanufacture more goods with fewer workers.
79.At first,two things people worried about automation wereeffect on employment and major changes in jobs
80.According to union spokesmen,the workers benefit from automation in terms ofwages,leisure hours and living standards
81.What is the last passage mainly talking about?Union's policy concerning the protection of union members.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)

分析 本文主要讲述由于自动化的发展,工会对于保护员工的利益制定了一些政策.

解答 78.manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79.effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80.wages,leisure hours and living standards
81.Union's policy concerning the protection of union members
78  细节题. 根据文章第一 段,and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. 可知自动化可以让更少的人生产更多的产品,故答案为manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79  细节题. 根据文章第二 段Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment,and fears of major changes in jobs. 可知工人担心自动化会影响就业和工作的变化,故答案为effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80  细节题. 根据文章第二 段Also,union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages,more leisure,and improved living standards.可知自动化会让工人在工资,休闲和改善生活标准方面收益,故答案为wages,leisure hours and living standards
81  细节题. 根据文章最后一 段To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation,unions have adopted a number of new policies. 可知由于自动化的发展,工会对于保护员工的利益制定了一些政策.故答案为Union's policy concerning the protection of union members

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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"Yes,you can buy a ticket and fly to another city.But running with your own wings and feeling your feet ready to take off is totally different,"Dong Fang,said in an excited voice.He is one of 41students from Hangzhou No.14Middle School to test their home-made aircrafts in the playground.Inspired by the International Bognor Birdman Competition in the UK,Ni Wangyue,a teacher in high school is holding a similar event.The Bognor Birdman competition started in 1971in the England coastal city Bognor.People ran off the end of a pier (码头) with their own aircraft in an attempt to"fly"the farthest distance.
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20.The purpose of the competition is toD.
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C.run off the end of a pier.
D.encourage braveness and creativity.
21.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?D
A.There were 41students taking part in the competition.
B.A similar kind of competition started in 1971.
C.The teacher didn't expect his students could create 10different aircrafts.
D.Most of those home-made aircrafts could take the boys flying.
22.By saying"you can buy a ticket and fly to another city",the writer actually meansC.
A.if you want to take part in the competition you have to buy a ticket.
B.people who take part in the competition have to fly to another city.
C.people can pay to get a chance to go to another place by air.
D.the students have to fly to another city in their home-made aircrafts.
23.Why did the teacher organize this activity?A
A.He wanted to develop students'imagination.
B.He wanted his students to have the feeling of flying.
C.He wanted his students to break records.
D.He wanted to increase his students'grades.
19.Mothers of kids with disabilities might be more forgetful,as they age than other mothers,according to a new study.And mothers with a strong support system,a sense of control and a  history of regular exercise kept sharper than the other mothers.However,fathers of disabled  children did not differ from fathers of non-disabled children in memory skills as they aged.
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Naples,Italy
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3.Tower of London
Adult£18.00Child (5-12)£9.50
Family (Up to 2adults & 6children)£50.00Middle School Student£15.50
●1st March to 31st October
Tuesday to Saturday:9a.m.to 5:30p.m.Sunday & Monday:10a.m.to 5:30p.m.
●1st November to 28th February
Tuesday to Saturday:9a.m.to 4:30p.m.Sunday & Monday:10a.m.to 4:30p.m.
Exception:24th-26th December & 1st January (Closed)
●Description
HM Tower of London is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London,England.It was founded towards the end of 1066.It was built to frighten and control Londoners and to prevent foreign attackers.It's now a symbol of London and Britain and one of the world's leading tourist attractions.
●The White Tower
The White Tower,which gives the entire castle its name,was built by William in 1078,and was a disliked symbol of cruelty.
●Royal Beasts
The Royal Beasts is the earliest zoo in London!You can see sculptures (雕像) of lions,tigers,elephants and even a polar bear; discover how they came to be at the Tower and what became of them.You can also hear the amazing tales of how the animals were fed,watered and housed as well as different accidents when the public got a little close!
●Crown Jewels
The tradition of housing the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London probably dates from the time when Henry III was in power.The Jewel House was built specially to house the royal treasure(财富).When money was needed,the treasure could be sold.The treasure allowed the ruler to enjoy independence from the upper classes,and thus was closely watched.
●Prisoners of the Tower
Come and see what life was like imprisoned in the tower.Experience the sights,sounds and letters five hundred years ago.

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A.36   B.40   C.50   D.55
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A.To make it a home for rulers.
B.To show the wealth and power of the country.
C.To protect Londoners and fight against the enemy.
D.To put Londoners under control and protect the country.
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A.It could bring people bad luck.
B.It cost Londoners their lives and money to build the tower.
C.The tower stood for cruel ruling.
D.In the Tower the kings ordered people to do lots of hard work.
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A.Crown Jewels.
B.Royal Beasts.
C.The White Tower.
D.Prisoners of the Tower.
55.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?B
A.The Tower of London is open all the year round.
B.The Royal Beasts was the first zoo ever built in London.
C.Most of the visitors dislike visiting the White Tower.
D.Crown Jewels help you know how the country got independence.
20.According to sociologists,there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States.In the fanfily traditional cultural patterns confer (~z~,) leadership on one or both of the parents.In other cases,such as friendship groups,one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders,although there is no formal process of selection.In larger groups,leaders are usually chosen
formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability,decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of"natural
leaders."It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common;rather,virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore,although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals.Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.Group members look to instrumental leaders to"get things done."
Expressive leadership,on the other hand,is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members.Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
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instrumental leaders,if they are successful in promoting group goals,may enjoy a more distant respect.

72.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?B
A.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
B.A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
C.A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D.Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
73.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus onC.
A.ensuring harmonious relationships
B.sharing responsibility with group members
C.achieving a goal
D.identifying new leaders
74.A"secondary relationship"between a leader and the members of a group could best be described asA.
A.distant                              B.enthusiastic
C.sympathetic                          D.personal
75.What does the passage mainly discuss?D
A.The problems faced by leaders.
B.How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C.How social groups determine who will lead them.
D.The role of leaders in social groups.
1.This is our country,America.The country where everyone is supposed to have a shot at financial success.The country of dreams and ambition.Yet,caused by the endless pursuit of individual profit,our country is a mess.And we owe it all to capitalism.
We live in a society where people are forced to live without health coverage.A country where the poor can hardly feed themselves while the rich decide which one of their 10homes to stay at for the night.All of these sad things arise out of capitalism.
Sadly,our country values little more than money.It motivates our decisions and even influences entire political parties.We have gotten to the point in society where a human life comes secondary to our financial security.Any rational society would value life above all else and realize that health is a basic human right.Yet in our world,money comes first.
I never once have claimed to be an economist and have no interest in debating the financial advantages of any economic system.Yet socialism surely looks better than what we have.
If we lived in a socialist society,we would be a country without such an unfair wealth distribution.We would value friendship over business and we would treat one another as humans.Most importantly,however,is that money would stop controlling our lives and we could act how humans should act.
Capitalism has created an"every man for himself"existence.Everything is a battle for limited resources and fuels.We have become so accustomed to the life value that we will do whatever we have to look out for ourselves.Yet is this really the kind of life we want?
We have become so illusioned.We are tired of the misdirection.All economic systems have their issues,but I feel like ours is turning our country into something it shouldn't be.The good of man falls secondary to money.In our world,it is all about dollars and cents,which,unfortunately for most,makes no sense.

51.In the author's opinion,the root cause of the present situation in his country isD.
A.money                 B.people's value     
C.social unfairness     D.social system
52.According to the passage,which is NOT the characteristic of capitalism?C
A.individualism       B.endless pursuit of wealth
C.humanism            D.great gap between the rich and the poor
53.How does the author feel about his country?A
A.concerned          B.angry   
C.skeptical          D.hopeless
54.Which of the following would the author agree with?A
A.Life should be placed at the top of our considerations.
B.Socialism is perfect.
C.Health is equally important as wealth.
D.The pursuit for wealth should be restricted.
55.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?C
A.How to Save America             B.Capitalism Is in Trouble
C.Why Is America in Trouble       D.America Is in Trouble.

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