题目内容
15.When studying foreign speech,don't forget about body language.To help you master these significant parts of communication,here are four non-verbal characteristics that vary from culture to culture.Gestures
When trying to communicate through a language barrier,it's natural to use gestures as a way of explaining your point.(36)BHand motions are,however,culturally relative,and the wrong gesture can lead to confusion.
The thumbs-up sign is equal to the middle finger in Greece and Sardinia.Tapping your finger to your temple is a gesture to show memory in North America,but suggests insanity(精神错乱) in Russia(37)AThe yes-no gestures are reversed in countries like Bulgaria and Albania.
Silence
Though it can feel like a void in communication,silence can be very meaningful in different cultural contexts.Western cultures,especially North America and the UK,tend to view silence as problematic.In our interactions at work,school,or with friends,silence is often regarded as a sign of disinterest.(38)D In China,silence can be used to show agreement.
Touch
Britain is classed as a"non-contact"culture,in which there's very little physical contact in people's daily interactions(39)GBy comparison,in the high-contact cultures of the Middle East,physical touch is a big part of socializing.
Eye Contact
(40)EWe tend to assume that a conversation partner who looks away is either disengaged or lying.Of course,this is not the standard around the world.
A.Even nodding yes can be misunderstood abroad.
B.We think it's helpful,since our words are being visually strengthened.
C.Individual gestures can cause miscommunication.
D.In other cultures,however,silence is not viewed as a negative circumstance.
E.In most western countries,frequent eye contact is a sign of confidence.
F.Naturally,these different standards of contact can lead to misunderstanding.
G.Even accidentally brushing someone's arm is a reason for an apology.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了学习外语时,不要忘了肢体语言,不同国家的文化不同,这是重要的沟通方式.
解答 36.B.推理判断题.根据前文When trying to communicate through a language barrier,it's natural to use gestures as a way of explaining your point可知我们认为这很有帮助,因为我们的话在视觉上得到加强;故选B.
37.A.推理判断题.根据后文The yes-no gestures are reversed in countries like Bulgaria and Albania可知在那里即使点头也会被误解;故选A.
38.D.推理判断题.根据前文In our interactions at work,school,or with friends,silence is often regarded as a sign of disinterest可知然而,在其他文化中,沉默并不是消极的代表;故选D.
39.G.推理判断题.根据前文Britain is classed as a"non-contact"culture,in which there's very little physical contact in people's daily interactions可知甚至偶然地刷某人的手臂是道歉的理由;故选G.
40.E.推理判断题.根据后文We tend to assume that a conversation partner who looks away is either disengaged or lying可知在大多数西方国家,频繁的目光接触是自信的表现;故选E.
点评 七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子.解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子.
•Reward yourself after each hour of concentrated study.
(57)F.After each hour reward yourself in whatever way is most appealing.Here are some common 5-minute rewards.A cup of coffee,a quick phone call,a short bike ride,5minutes of TV sport,walking the dog,etc.
•Remove distractions.
(58)C.Listening to songs in the foreign language while you have a food break could make you feel still on target while stopping the distraction of hunger.
•(59)B.
Some of the ideas students report for keeping themselves motivated go beyond just the language.Here are two ideas.I try to cook Spanish food.To feed interest in the country,I look at posters,pictures,articles,books.
•Look for motivation in the wider world
Keep your interest alive by watching movies,and taking time to have contact with native speakers.(60)E.You can provide conversation in Chinese for overseas students,and in exchange they spend an hour another day talking their language with you.If you combine this with lunch then it doesn't even take extra time.
A.Acknowledge your weaknesses. B.Focus on aspects of the culture. C.Only you know what your most frequent distractions are,but hunger is a common one. D.If you are someone who needs to motivate yourself,here are some of the tips that can work. E.In some universities and schools there are learning exchanges. F.Breaks are important in any kind of study. G.Make yourself read beyond the course. |
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years.Fortunately,portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat.
Pre-picture portions.Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon.For example,a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist.A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange.
Use a smaller dish.This tip might sound ridiculous,but it works.First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on,say,a salad plate.But psychologically,you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds.
Have raw vegetables at every meal.Raw cucumbers,tomatoes,carrots,and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients.A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up,cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat.
Start your meal with soup.Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption,since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients.
Manage your fork.After every bite of food,put your fork down.Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite.The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less.Remember:Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry.
Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor | |
Facts | Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times thesizeof the proper ones. Americans usually clean their plateshoweverhigh they're piled,even if they are already satisfied |
Effects | Americans continue getting fatter even as they have eatenfewercalories from fat in recent years. |
suggestions | a.Usefamiliarobjects to imagine how much you should eat of a food before a meal. b.Use a smaller dish and thus eatslowly c.Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut downappetitefor the more calorie-dense meat. d.Start your meal withsoupto reduce meal consumption. e.Put down your fork attimes/intervalsto make sure your brain receivessignalsthat you're full. |