题目内容

2.What Is Today's American Dream
They may not have called it the American Dream,but for centuries people have gone to America in search of freer,happier,and richer lives.But is today's American Dream a mythical concept or still a reality?
Isabel Belarsky's tiny Brooklyn apartment fills with the sound of her father's voice.Sidor Belarsky sings an Aria in Russian and 90-year-old Isabel,her lips painted an elegant red,sways gently to the song coming from her stereo.
Isabel speaks with pride about her father's talent and his success as an opera singer:Albert Einstein was such a fan she says that he invited Sidor to accompany him on his speaking engagements and would ask him to sing to the audience.
How the Belarskys came to be in America is an extraordinary tale that Isabel loves to tell.It was the offer of a six-month job by a Mormon college president,who had seen Sidor singing in Leningrad,that enabled the Belarskys to escape from Stalin's Russia in 1930."Our dream was being in America,"Isabel says."They loved it.My mother could never think of Russia,it was her enemy and my father,he made such a wonderful career here."
Like generations of immigrants before them,the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom-to them the American Dream meant liberty.But Isabel says it promised even more."The dream is to work,to have a home and to get ahead.You can start as a janitor and become the owner of the building."
The American Dream is not written into the constitution but it is so ingrained in the national psyche that it might as well be.Many point to the second sentence in the Declaration of Independence-the"certain unalienable rights"that include"life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness"as the"official"version of the phrase.But it was actually in 1931that the term was popularized,when historian James Truslow Adams wrote in The Epic of America that the Dream means"a better,richer,and happier life for all our citizens of every rank".
The concept of the American Dream has not stayed static.For European immigrants,like Isabel,fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century,the Dream was about a life without persecution.
But somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed.As America's post war economy boomed,the new arrivals wanted more than freedom-they wanted a share of the prosperity as well.
In the 1950s,TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances.The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola.As the century wore on,the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side.Dallas and Dynasty suggested this was a country where it was possible to become not just rich,but filthily rich.
Cheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America.She arrived in New York from the Caribbean seven years ago.Having watched endless American TV shows as a child,she thought she knew what to expect when her family moved to Brooklyn.Instead,the deprivation of one of New York's poorest neighbourhoods shocked her.
"I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television,"she says.Like Cheyanne,18-year-old Franscisco Curiel is also ambitious.He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education."The system is broken; we can't get the superior education that they supposedly want to give us,"he says.
Through the centuries America's immigrants have endured terrible hardship and sacrifice so that they and their children can get ahead.Perhaps it's not surprising to hear the members of the Bushwick youth group lament the multiple,low paid jobs that their parents must do simply to get the rent paid and put food on the table.What is startling is that these bright,ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream.

66.Why did the Belarskys come to the US according to the passage?A
A.To seek freedom.
B.To seek wealth.
C.To seek good education.
D.To seek a good job.
67.What is the meaning of"the materialistic slant of the dream overtook the political side"in Paragraph 9?C
A.The American Dream means both material success and political freedom.
B.The American Dream means material success rather than political freedom.
C.The American Dream means more material success than political freedom.
D.The American Dream means more political freedom than material success.
68.What is Cheyanne Smith and Franscisco Curiel's attitude toward American Dream?B
A.Hopeful.  B.Disappointed.  C.Optimistic.  D.Neutral.
69.What can we know about the Bushwick youth group according to the last paragraph?B
A.They feel grateful that their parents did low paid jobs to raise the family.
B.They doubt that talent and hard work will make them realize their American Dream.
C.They have endured great hardship and sacrifice.
D.They are willing to do the low paid jobs to help pay their education.
70.What can be inferred from the passage?B
A.The American Dream is deeply-rooted in the national psyche.
B.The concept of the American Dream has gone through changes throughout the time.
C.American Dream is still firmly believed by the majority of the immigrants.
D.The concept of American Dream will remain unchanged in the next two decades.

分析 本文主要向大家介绍了美国梦这一理念.文章通过一些美国公民的例子展开,来解释美国梦的概念.但美国梦也不是一成不变的,它也会受美国经济等的影响而改变,从而会有一些美国公民对这个美国梦感到失望和担心.

解答 66.A.细节理解题.根据文章"the Belarskys came to America in search of freedom-to them the American Dream meant liberty"可知.Belarskys来到美国是为了寻找自由.故选A.
67.C.推理预测题.此句前文"TV commercials featured housewives proudly showing off kitchens filled with gleaming appliances.The quest for liberation became a quest for Coca Cola",可了解到,随着时间迁移,家庭主妇用上了华丽的厨具,人们也开始追求可口可乐.可见,此时的美国梦,在物质上已经超过政治,故选C.
68.B.细节理解题.根据文章"Cheyanne Smith was shocked at the deprivation that greeted her in America"和""I thought this is not America because this is not what I see on television,"she says"以及"He came from Mexico City three years ago to go to college here but he's worried that Brooklyn's schools aren't going to give him a good enough education"可知,Cheyanne Smith and Franscisco Curie对美国是担心,震惊,不敢相信的.故选B.
69.B.细节理解题.根据文章"What is startling is that these bright,ambitious youngsters just don't believe that talent and hard work are enough to ensure they will ever have a shot at that mythical American Dream."可知,这些年轻人不相信天赋和努力都足以保证实现那个神秘的美国梦.故选B.
70.B.推理预测题.根据文章"The concept of the American Dream has not stayed static"可知,美国梦的层面不是一成不变的,根据后文"fleeing persecution in the first half of the last century,the Dream was about a life without persecution.But somewhere in the middle of the last century the dream changed"可知,美国梦是随着美国经济状况,和平状况随之改变的.故选B.

点评 本文是考察学生历史文化类阅读理解文章.这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等.这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上

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13.Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall,and they'll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends.If you're satisfied with your social life,according to psychologists,you tend to be satisfied with life in general.
From the point of my 50s,I'd say that sounds about right.Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband,a few close relatives,and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway.But the more I read about how social media are interfering with (干扰) good old-fashioned friendship,creating virtual bonds that can't quite take the place of real ones,the more I wonder just how today's 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they're my age.
After all,much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s.According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago,who helped launch the academic study of human development,people choose most of their adult relationships,both friends and lovers,between the ages of 22and 28.The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they're also our first truly chosen friends.And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s.
But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online,an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is.A study,conducted in 2010by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin,investigated the Facebook habits of 776young people between the ages of 18and 35."Whether it is a wall post,a comment,or a photo,"they wrote,"young people's engagement with Facebook is driven,primarily,by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by,far away,or have just entered into their lives."
This kind of constant contact can be efficient,but it can also be upsetting.For one thing,it adds a new layer of concern to a young person's already-heightened awareness of social ranking,giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about."I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image,especially a public image online,"wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog."Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they're up to,where they're at,what projects they're working on.It can be a bit much at times."Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship.

74.According to the passage,the 20s is an age for people toD.
A.have a good public image
B.keep themselves informed
C.look back on their own lives
D.develop critical relationships
75.Which of the following is a disadvantage of making friends onlineB?
A.It makes people pay less attention to social ranking.
B.It robs people of the happy moments spent with friends.
C.It keeps people away from their family and close relatives.
D.It prevents people from keeping in contact with their friends.
76.What was the aim of the study conducted by Craig Watkins and Erin LeeB?
A.To know about the 776young people's Facebook habits.
B.To find out how social media affect real-world social life.
C.To help young people stay connected to the lives of friends.
D.To investigate what kind of people prefer online interactions.
77.The author may agree thatC.
A.old-fashioned friendship can help create virtual bonds
B.there's no need for young people to make online friends
C.real-world friendship is a better choice for young people
D.online friendship is an inevitable trend in the modern world.
17.Everybody loves to play board games sometimes,but it is surprising to know how long this pastime has been in existence.Some of the earliest board games are over 5,000 years old.The oldest is probably Senet,an American Egyptian game which has been found in burials from before 3000 BC.The game involves an element of luck,and so it was thought by the Ancient Egyptians that those who won the game were protected by God.For this reason,games of Senet were often buried alongside the dead body,to be used on the dangerous game board is set out as a grid of three by ten rows,and uses two sets of at least five pawns.The actual rules are unknown,although some historians have proposed rules which were used in the Senet sets available today.
The Royal Game of Ur,also known as the Game of Twenty Squares,is another ancient game which dates back to the First Dynasty of Ur,in 2600 BC Mesopotamia.It was played with two sets of seven counters,one black and one white,and three four-sided dice (骰子).Although the ancient rules are unknown,a stone tablet has been found which describes a reliable record of how the game was played in 177-176 BC.
Both Senet and The Royal Game of Ur probably came into existence long before the game backgammon (西洋双陆棋),which itself has a long history.The game of Nard,which existed in Iran in around 3000 BC,used two sets of fifteen counters,four dice and same board as the one used in backgammon today,although the initial starting positions and rules are different.Similar games were played in Ancient Rome and India.
51.The text is meant to introduceB.
A.a common origin of board games              
B.the unknown rules of board games
C.several kinds of earliest board games               
D.the newly discovered board games
52.What do we know about the game of Senet IN paragraph 1?C
A.Its actual rules are still in use
B.It used to be played in tombs.
C.It is probably the oldest board game
D.Its design is closely related to God.
53.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A
A.A brief introduction to the Royal Game of Ur
B.A reliable account of the First Dynasty of Ur.
C.The recent discovery of an ancient board game
D.The original rules found in a stone tablet.
54.What can be inferred from the text?B
A.There were some similarities between the games.
B.The earliest board game was found in Europe.
C.All the games used the same number of dice.
D.We haven't got any record of the board games.
55.What does the underlined word"itself"in the last paragraph refer to?C
A.The game of Senet
B.The Royal Game of Ur
C.The game backgammon
D.The game of Nard.
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These announcements have given rise to fierce debate.Some criticize publishers for seeking fame and others wonder if middle school students have enough literary knowledge to truly appreciate Mo's works.Mo Yan has been a well-regarded writer in China for many years.But textbook publishers never showed their interest in his works before.Now they are all rushing to include Mo's short stories,weeks after the author won a Nobel prize•Their timing invites suspicion.
In contrast,supporters say that Mo's prose is beautiful and can inspire students'love for the Chinese language.
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68.From the text,we can learnB•
A.textbook publishers have been showing their interest in Mo's works
B.the inclusion of Mo's short stories in textbooks causes heated debate
C.Mo's works have been included to the textbooks for middle and high school students
D.criticizers think it unnecessary for middle school students to enjoy Mo's short stories
69.What does the underlined word‘‘they"in the second paragraph refer to?D
A.Announcements. B.Middle school students,C.Mo's works. D.Textbook publishers.
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A.collecting the readers'opinions
B.introducing Mo Yan's works
C.arguing with the textbook publishers
D.encouraging students to improve their literary skills.

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