题目内容

16．In 1826，a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business．But he was not a good artist．So he invented a very simple camera．He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard．That was the first photograph．
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837．That year，Daguerre，another Frenchman，took a picture of his studio．He used a new kind of camera and a different process．In his pictures，you could see everything very clearly，even the smallest details．This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype．
Soon，other people began to use Daguerre's process．Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world．People photographed famous buildings，cities and mountains．
In about 1840，the process was improved．Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things．The process was not simple．The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment．But this did not stop the photographers，especially in the United States．After the 1840s，daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities．
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer．He took many pictures of famous people．The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality．
Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war．His 1862Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities．They made the war seem more real and more terrible．
In the 1880s，new inventions began to change photography．Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls．So they did not have to make the film themselves．Also，they did not have to process the film immediately．They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment．And finally，the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive．
With the small camera，anyone could be a photographer．People began to use cameras just for fun．They took pictures of their families，friends and favorite places．They called these pictures"snapshot"．
Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s．Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs．These pictures showed true events and people．They were much more real than drawing．
Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century．Some photographs were not just copies of the real world．They showed ideas and feelings，like other art forms．

21．The passage is mainly aboutC．
A．the invention of camerasB．how to develop films
C．the development of photography
D．the important dates in the history of photography
22．The first pictures of a war were taken byB．
A．a French photographer in the 1840s
B．an American photographer in the 1860s
C．a German reporter in the 1880sD．a French artist in the 1890s
23．Photography can also be an art form because artists canD．
A．take anything they likeB．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famousD．show ideas and feeling in pictures
24．According to the passage，which of the followings shows the correct order？B
a．Photographs became popular in newspapers．
b．Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures．
c．The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier．
d．Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype．
e．Brady took pictures of famous people．
A．e，a，d，b，c　B．d，b，e，c，aC．b，e，c，a，d　D．d，c，e，a，b．

分析 26年，一位名叫Niepce的法国人需要工作照片，但他不是一个好的艺术家，所以他发明了一个非常简单的相机，他把它放在他家的窗户里，给他的花园拍了一张相片，这是第一张相片．摄影术另一个重要的日期是在1837年，那一年，Daguere，另一个法国人，给他的阅览室拍了一张相片，他以一种不同的方法使用了一种新的相机，在他的照片中你能非常清楚地看到每样东西，甚至是最小的东西．这种照片被称为银版照相法．1840年，摄影术得到了发展，摄影师们能给人和动的东西拍照．摄影在19世纪末也变成了一种艺术．

解答 21．C．细节理解题．根据In 1826，in 1837，In about 1840，在1826年，在1837年，在大约1840年，可知文章介绍了摄像技术的发展历史．故选C．
22．B．细节理解题．根据文章Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war．His 1862Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities．They made the war seem more real and more terrible可知战争的第一张照片是由一个美国摄影师在19世纪60年代拍摄的；故选B．
23．D．细节理解题．根据最后一段Some photographs were not just copies of the real world．They showed ideas and feelings，like other art forms．可知摄影也是一种艺术形式，因为艺术家在照片中融入了他们的思想和感情；故选D．
24．B．细节理解题．通读全文，可知故事发展顺序为Daguerre发明了一种叫做达盖尔银版照片，拍照时摄影师携带处理设备，布雷迪拍名人的照片，小型手持式照相机的发明使摄影更容易，照片在报纸上流行起来；故选B．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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