题目内容

11.A recent finding has showed that blue-eyed people have already been living in Europe for at least 7,000years.
A man who lived on the Iberian Peninsula before Europeans became farmers probably had blue eyes but dark hair and skin,according to scientists who have arranged his DNA in order.This surprising combination of eye,hair and skin coloring may not have been unusual during his lifetime,but it is no longer seen among modem Europeans,reported by the journal Nature.
The man,a Neolithic hunter-gatherer known to scientists as La BranaⅠ,is of great interest to scientists because he offers a brief introduction to what was in Europeans'DNA before agriculture spread through the continent.Experts have theorized that certain genetic feature spread quickly among humans after they adopted the farming lifestyle.La BranaⅠshows that at least some of their predictions were correct.
The man's skeleton,along with that of a male companion,was discovered in 2006in a cave in what is now northeastern Spain.The site,known as La Brana-Arintero,sits about 5,000feet above sea level,and the cave provided a cold,refrigerator-like environment that preserved his DNA.
In the lab,scientists were able to remove enough DNA from a single tooth to reconstruct La BranaⅠ's entire genome (基因组).They compared it to the DNA of other ancient Europeans(including Otzi,the 5,300-year-old mummy found in an Alpine glacier) and determined that he was a closer match with hunter-gatherers than with farmers.
When it came to genes that would influence La BranaⅠ's appearance,the researchers found that their 7,000-year-old subject had versions of two skin pigment(色素) genes that are either very rare or nonexistent among Europeans today.Then they looked at other places in the genome that influence pigmentation(色素沉着)and found a mix of ancient and modern gene variants(变种).Taken together,La BranaⅠ's DNA"is likely to have resulted in dark skin pigmentation and dark or brown hair,"they wrote.
However,his DNA indicates that his eyes were most likely blue,the scientists found.This suggests that gene variants for light-colored eyes and skin did not spread together,they wrote,adding that La BranaⅠ's combination"of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no longer present in contemporary European populations."Today,a blue-eyed person would typically have fair skin.To get some idea of whether La BranaⅠ's coloring was unusual for his day,the researchers will try to arrange in order the DNA of his companion,who has been named La BranaⅡ.
32.Scientists have carried out the research into La BranaⅠbecause they wanted to know
C.
A.today's Europeans'DNA             
B.the ancient agriculture in Europe.
C.European hunter-gatherers'DNA.
D.the correctness of some of their predictions
33.La BranaⅠ's skeleton was best preserved mainly because ofB.
A.the height of the cave                
B.the cold condition in the cave
C.the location of the cave              
D.the wet condition in the cave
34.Which of the following statements is TRUE?B
A.La BranaⅠ's gene variants spread together.
B.La BranaⅠ's DNA influences his appearance.
C.Today's blue-eyed person may typically have rough rather than fair skin.
D.La BranaⅠ's gene is completely different from the contemporary Europeans'.
35.The last paragraph suggests thatC.
A.La BranaⅡhas the same genome with La BranaⅠ.
B.Blue-eyed people were common in Europe 7,000years ago.
C.It's not certain that La Brana's appearance was common at that time.
D.BranaⅠ's combination of dark skin and non-brown is popular in contemporary Europeans.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了最近关于 La BranaⅠ的调查,事实证明这个群体的基因已经存在了七千多年,但是这个基因并没有广泛存在,蓝眼睛的人在欧洲依然很少.

解答 32.C  细节理解题,根据第三段The man,a Neolithic hunter-gatherer known to scientists as La BranaⅠ,is of great interest to scientists because he offers a brief introduction to what was in Europeans'DNA before agriculture spread through the continent.可知科学家们研究 La BranaⅠ是因为他们想知道欧洲猎人的DNA,故选C.
33.B  细节理解题题,根据第四段The site,known as La Brana-Arintero,sits about 5,000feet above sea level,and the cave provided a cold,refrigerator-like environment that preserved his DNA.可知La BranaⅠ的骨架保存最好的主要原因是因为洞里的寒冷条件,故选B.
34.B  推理判断题,根据第六段Taken together,La BranaⅠ's DNA"is likely to have resulted in dark skin pigmentation and dark or brown hair,"they wrote.可知La BranaⅠ的基因可能导致黑皮肤色素沉着,以及黑色或棕色的头发,因此可推断出它能影响人们的外表,故选B.
35.C  推理判断题,根据最后一段This suggests that gene variants for light-colored eyes and skin did not spread together,they wrote,adding that La BranaⅠ's combination"of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no longer present in contemporary European populations."Today,a blue-eyed person would typically have fair skin.可知La Brana的外表并不是常见的,故选C.

点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

练习册系列答案
相关题目
19.As I grew older,Dad was to build all sorts of things for me as I explored a variety of interests:magic tricks,a toy circus,neighborhood shows and science projects.
From as early as I can remember to the time I left home for college,I continued to come to him with a design or an idea,and he would figure out how to build it.
In fifth grade,a schoolmate and I wrote a puppet(木偶) show that we wanted to perform for our class.I made the puppet heads myself,and I made the costumes and curtains with Mon---who was as expert designing and sewing with cloth as my father was designing and working with wood and metal.With Dad I made the puppet stage,in our own invented style between kid and adult with me saying something like,"It has to be this high,and it needs to come apart and fold up so it can fit in the backseat of the car,and it needs to set up fast,and it needs to have different colored lights on top with switches you can reach to control them and a curtain you can pull from under it,even if you still have a puppet on your hand."Dad figured out how to make it all work,making plans as we went along.Then with the tools in his shop he built it,and I helped.
Dad also spent a lot of time out in the garage or in the driveway working on the family car.I don't remember that he ever took it to a professional auto-repair shop.Maybe to save money,but also because he could usually figure out what needed fixing,just by taking it apart and looking.Though not trained as an auto mechanic,he could look under the engine cover and take parts and pieces out,spread them on a tarp (油布) to catch the oil and figure out what was supposed to happen to the machine and then figure out what wasn't happening and then replace the worn-out part or whatever and then put everything back together again.

36.If you are the writer,you are supposed to write aboutBahead of the first paragraph.
A.father's achievement in mechanics
B.father's love and skills in mechanics
C.father's experience at repairing cars
D.father's inventions in mechanics
37.Who helped the writer to make the puppet?D
A.The writer himself.  B.His classmate.  C.His teacher.  D.His parents.
38.Before the writer went to college,he always turned to his father forB.
A.designing a machine                   B.building his design or idea
C.making a puppet show                  D.building a show stage
39.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?D
A.The writer's car is always breaking down.
B.Father works in a car repairing shop.
C.Repairing in a shop can save much money.
D.Father was good at mending his car.
40.The purpose of the writer's writing the passage isC.
A.to tell how his father made a puppet for him
B.in memory of his parents
C.to describe to the readers his memories about his father
D.to argue that parents should help children to explore the world and make inventions.
6.Biologists believe that love is fundamentally a biological rather than a cultural construct,because the capacity for love is found in all human cultures and similar behavior is found in some other animals.In humans the purpose of all the desire is to focus attention on the raising of offspring.Children demand an unusual amount of parenting,and two parents are better than one.Love is a signal that both partners are committed,and makes it more likely that this commitment will continue as long as necessary for children to reach independence.But what does science have to say about the notion of love at first sight?
In recent years the ability to watch the brain in action has offered a wealth of insight into the mechanics of love.Researchers have shown that when a person falls in love,a dozen different part of brain work together to release chemicals that trigger feelings of euphoria,bonding and excitement.It has also been shown that the unconditional love between a mother and a child is associated with activity in different regions of the brain from those associated with pair-bonding love.
Passionate love is rooted in the reward circuitry of the brain-the same area that is active when humans feel a rush from cocaine.In fact,the desire,motivations and withdrawals involved in love have a great deal in common with addiction.Its most intense forms tend to be associated with the early stages of a relationship,which then give way to a calmer attachment form of love one feels with a long term partner.
What all this means is that one special person can become chemically rewarding to the brain of another.Love at first sight,then,is only possible if the mechanism for generating long-term attachment can be triggered quickly.There are signs that it can be.One line of evidence is that people are able to decide within a second how attractive they find another person.This decision appears to be related to facial attractiveness,although men may favor women with waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7,no matter what their overall weight is.(This ratio may indicate a woman's reproductive health.)
Another piece of evidence comes from work by a psychologist at Ben-Gurion University,who found in a survey that a small percentage (11%) of people in long-term relationships said that they began with love at first sight.In other words,in some couples the initial favorable impressions of attractiveness triggered love which sustained a lengthy bond.It is also clear that some couples need to form their bonds over a longer period,and popular culture tells many tales of friends who become lovers.
One might also assume that if a person is looking for a partner with traits that cannot be quantified instantly,such as compassion,intellect or a good sense of humor,then it would be hard to form a relationship on the basis of love at first sight.Those more concerned with visual appearances,though,might find this easier.So it appears that love at first sight exists,but is not a very common basis for long-term relationships.
62.When a person falls in love,C.
A.he feels as if he were addicted to cocaine.
B.he will be committed to the beloved as long as necessary.
C.he will experience complex feelings brought on by different regions of his brain.
D.he will experience a calmer attachment form of love before he feels the extreme love.
63.We can infer from the passage thatD.
A.pair-bonding love comes from a long stable friendship.
B.the mechanism for creating long-term attachment ensures love at first sight
C.it is impossible for those ordinary-looking people to fall in love at first sight.
D.men may be attracted by a girl whose figure suggests her admirable reproductive capacity.
64.The underlined word"traits"in the last paragraph probably meansC.
A.characteristics
B.something typical in your temper
C.particular quantities in your personality
D.attitudes that show your moral standards
65.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?B
A.The stages of passionate love
B.The science of love at first sight
C.The biological construct of pair-bonding
D.The mechanism for generating long-term love.
16.Since 1984,Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.One by one,graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art.So far,more than 1,800murals (壁画) have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.
The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art,thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP).Its work makes schools and public places attractive,and its citizens very proud.The program began as part of Philadelphia's AntiGraffiti Network.Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director."When people ask me what our program is about,"she says,"I answer them with one word:hope".Each year,the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops.Some onetime graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.
The MAP's work,says Golden,is all about developing a sense of community (社区).When a neighborhood requests a mural,the MAP works with the people there to develop a message.Some messages have been"Safe Streets","Love and Care",and"Peace Walk".
The MAP receives up to 50requests for murals each week.Last year,the workers painted 140murals.
"The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary,pleasant moment in neighborhood history."says Golden,who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.
28.What can be the best title for the text?A
A.Hope,One Wall at a Time
B.Jane,an Excellent Mural Artist
C.MAP,a New Company in Philadelphia
D.Love,from Graffiti Writers to Muralists
29.What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?B
A.Attracting more visitors.
B.Fighting against graffiti.
C.Protecting the neighborhood.
D.Helping the young find jobs.
30.How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?D
A.By studying the history of the city
B. By learning from the young graffiti writers.
C.By seeking advice from the city government.
D.By having discussions with people in the community.
31.Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A
A.Successful.B.Dangerous.C.Experimental.D. Difficult.
3.When I was growing up,I was embarrassed to be seen with my father.He was severely lame and very short,and when we would walk together,his hand on my arm for balance,people would stare.I would feel ashamed at the unwanted attention.If he ever noticed or was bothered,he never let on,nor did he say anything about it.
It was difficult to coordinate(协调) our steps-his pausing,my impatience-and because of that,we didn't say much as we went along.But as we started out,he always said,"You set the pace,I will try to adjust to you."
Our usual walk was to or from the subway,which was how he got to work.He went to work sick,and despite bad weather.He almost never missed a day,and would make it to the office even if others could not.A matter of pride.
When snow or ice was on the ground,it was impossible for him to walk,even with help.At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn,NY,on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance.Once there,he would grasp the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free.In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building,and he would not have to go outside until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home.
When I think of it now,I wondered at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress.And at how he did it-without bitterness or complaint.
He never talked about himself as an object of pity,nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.What he looked for in others was a"good heart",and if he found one,the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older,I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people,even though I still don't know precisely what a"good heart"is.But I know the times I don't have one myself.
My father has been gone many years now,but I think of him often.I wonder if he sensed my unwillingness to be seen with him during our walks.If he did,I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was,how unworthy I was,how I regretted it.I think of him when I complain about incident,when I am envious of another's good fortune,when I don't have a"good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance,and say,"You set the pace,I will try to adjust to you."

56.What wouldn't the author like others to see?(No more than 10words)His father was crippled,short and couldn't keep balance.
57.What's the meaning of the underlined phrase"let on"in the first paragraph?(No more than 5words)Showed his feelings/Told others his feelings.
58.According to the third paragraph,what conclusion can you get about the father's attitude toward his work?(No more than 8words)He loved his work/He took his work seriously./Hewas strict in his work.
59.Find an example in the passage that shows the father was a man with a"good heart".(No more than10words)He subjected himself to indignity and stress./He never talked about himself as an object of pity/He didn't show any envy of the more fortunate or able.
60.What does the author learn from his father?(No more than 15words)To be a man with a good heart.
7.For most people,the word"fashion"means"clothes".When people ask the question,"What's in fashion in Italy?"they normally mean,"What clothes are in fashion?"And they use the adjective"fashionable"in the same way."She was wearing some fashionable boots.""His shirt has a really fashionable color."
But,of course,there are fashions in many things,not only in clothes.There are fashions in holidays,in restaurants,in films and books.There are even fashions in university courses,jobs and in languages.
Fashions change naturally.If you look at pictures of people or objects from the past,you will see that fashions have always changed,An English house of 1750was different from one of 1650.A fashionable man in 1780looked very different from his grandson in1860.
Nowadays,fashions change very quickly.Some of this is natural.We hear about things much more quickly than in the past.Newspapers,radios,telex and televisions send information from one country to another in a few hours.New fashions mean that people will buy new things.There is money in fashion.
[写作内容〕
1.以约30词概括上文的主要内容.
2.以约120词对中学生追求时尚的现象进行议论,内容包括:
1)目前你身边中学生追求时尚的情况.
2)你对中学生追求时尚的看法
3)你对中学生提出的建议.
[写作要求]
1作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事.也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子.
2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称.
[评分标准]
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网