题目内容

设平面内的向量
OA
=(1,7)
OB
=(5,1)
OM
=(2,1)
,点P是直线OM上的一个动点,求当
PA
PB
取最小值时,
OP
的坐标及∠APB的余弦值.
由题意,可设
OP
=(x,y),∵点P在直线OM上,
OP
OM
共线,而
OM
=(2,1)

∴x-2y=0,即x=2y,故
OP
=(2y,y),
PA
=
OA
-
OP
=(1-2y,7-y),
PB
=
OB
-
OP
=(5-2y,1-y),
所以
PA
PB
=(1-2y)(5-2y)+(7-y)(1-y)=5y2-20y+12,
当y=-
-20
2×5
=2时,
PA
PB
=5y2-20y+12取最小值-8,
此时
OP
=(4,2),
PA
=(-3,5),
PB
=(1,-1),
∴cos∠APB=
PA
PB
|
PA
||
PB
|
=
-8
34
2
=-
4
17
17
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