题目内容
5.已知$\overrightarrow{a}$,$\overrightarrow{b}$都是非零向量,若-3$\overrightarrow{a}$+$\overrightarrow{b}$与5$\overrightarrow{a}$+7$\overrightarrow{b}$垂直,16$\overrightarrow{a}$+11$\overrightarrow{b}$与2$\overrightarrow{a}$-7$\overrightarrow{b}$垂直,试求$\overrightarrow{a}$与$\overrightarrow{b}$的夹角.分析 根据两非零向量垂直的充要条件即可得到$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{(-3\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b})•(5\overrightarrow{a}+7\overrightarrow{b})=0}\\{(16\overrightarrow{a}+11\overrightarrow{b})•(2\overrightarrow{a}-7\overrightarrow{b})=0}\end{array}\right.$,进行数量积的运算并解出$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=\frac{1}{16}(-15{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+7{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2})$=$\frac{1}{90}(32{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}-77{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2})$,这样便可得到${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}={\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$,从而求出$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=-\frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}={\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}cos<\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}>$,这样即可求出向量$\overrightarrow{a}$,$\overrightarrow{b}$的夹角.
解答 解:根据已知条件:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{(-3\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b})•(5\overrightarrow{a}+7\overrightarrow{b})=0}\\{(16\overrightarrow{a}+11\overrightarrow{b})•(2\overrightarrow{a}-7\overrightarrow{b})=0}\end{array}\right.$;
∴$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{-15{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+7{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}-16\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=0}\\{32{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}-77{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}-90\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=0}\end{array}\right.$;
∴$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=\frac{1}{16}(-15{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}+7{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2})$=$\frac{1}{90}(32{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}-77{\overrightarrow{b}}^{2})$;
∴${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}={\overrightarrow{b}}^{2}$,即$|\overrightarrow{a}|=|\overrightarrow{b}|$;
∴$\overrightarrow{a}•\overrightarrow{b}=-\frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}$=${\overrightarrow{a}}^{2}cos<\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}>$;
∴$cos<\overrightarrow{a},\overrightarrow{b}>=-\frac{1}{2}$;
∴$\overrightarrow{a}$与$\overrightarrow{b}$的夹角为120°.
点评 考查两非零向量垂直的充要条件,向量数量积的运算,以及向量夹角的概念及范围.
A. | 16 | B. | 30 | C. | 31 | D. | 62 |