题目内容
14.已知椭圆方程:$\frac{{x}^{2}}{{a}^{2}}$+$\frac{{y}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}$=1(a>b>0)离心率e=$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$有顶点B1(0,1).(1)求椭圆标准方程.
(2)若直线l过椭圆的右焦点F2,且l⊥x轴,交椭圆于A、B两点,求|AB|的长.
(3)若直线l过椭圆的右焦点F2的任一直线,交椭圆于A、B两点,S($\frac{5}{4}$,0),求证:$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$为定值.
分析 (1)由题意可得:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=1}\\{\frac{c}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}\\{{a}^{2}={b}^{2}+{c}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$,解得即可得出;
(2)F2(1,0),把x=1代入椭圆方程可得:$\frac{1}{2}+{y}^{2}$=1,解得y即可得出;
(3)当直线l的斜率为0时,A$(-\sqrt{2},0)$,B$(\sqrt{2},0)$,$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$=-$\frac{7}{16}$.当直线l的斜率不为0时,设直线l方程:my=x-1,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2).
与椭圆方程联立化为(m2+2)y2+2my-1=0,把根与系数的关系代入$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$=$({x}_{1}-\frac{5}{4},{y}_{1})•$$({x}_{2}-\frac{5}{4},{y}_{2})$,化简整理即可得出.
解答 (1)解:由题意可得:$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{b=1}\\{\frac{c}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}\\{{a}^{2}={b}^{2}+{c}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$,解得b=1=c,a2=2.
∴椭圆标准方程为$\frac{{x}^{2}}{2}+{y}^{2}$=1.
(2)解:F2(1,0),把x=1代入椭圆方程可得:$\frac{1}{2}+{y}^{2}$=1,解得y=$±\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,
∴|AB|=$\sqrt{2}$.
(3)证明:当直线l的斜率为0时,A$(-\sqrt{2},0)$,B$(\sqrt{2},0)$,$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$=$(-\frac{5}{4})^{2}-(\sqrt{2})^{2}$=-$\frac{7}{16}$.
当直线l的斜率不为0时,设直线l方程:my=x-1,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2).
联立$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{my=x-1}\\{\frac{{x}^{2}}{2}+{y}^{2}=1}\end{array}\right.$,化为(m2+2)y2+2my-1=0,
∴y1+y2=$\frac{-2m}{{m}^{2}+2}$,y1y2=$\frac{-1}{{m}^{2}+2}$.
$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$=$({x}_{1}-\frac{5}{4},{y}_{1})•$$({x}_{2}-\frac{5}{4},{y}_{2})$
=$({x}_{1}-\frac{5}{4})({x}_{2}-\frac{5}{4})$+y1y2
=$(m{y}_{1}-\frac{1}{4})(m{y}_{2}-\frac{1}{4})$+y1y2
=(m2+1)y1y2-$\frac{m}{4}({y}_{1}+{y}_{2})$+$\frac{1}{16}$
=$\frac{-({m}^{2}+1)}{{m}^{2}+2}$+$\frac{{m}^{2}}{2({m}^{2}+2)}$+$\frac{1}{16}$
=-$\frac{7}{16}$.
综上可得:$\overrightarrow{SA}$•$\overrightarrow{SB}$=-$\frac{7}{16}$为定值.
点评 本题考查了椭圆的标准方程及其性质、直线与椭圆相交问题、一元二次方程的根与系数的关系、向量数量积运算性质,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于难题.
A. | 98 | B. | 100 | C. | 102 | D. | 200 |