题目内容

设不等式组
x>0
y>0
y≤-nx+3n
所表示的平面区域为Dn,记Dn内的整点个数为an(n∈N*)(整点即横坐标与纵坐标均为整数的点).
(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;
(2)(理)设Sn=
1
an+1
+
1
an+2
+…+
1
a2n
,求Sn的最小值(n>1,n∈N*);
(3)设Tk=
1
a1
+
1
a2
+…+
1
ak
求证:T2n
7n+11
36
(n>1,n∈N*)

(文)记数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且Tn=
Sn
3•2n-1
.若对一切的正整数n,总有Tn≤m,求实数m的取值范围.
分析:(1)由题设知Dn内的整点在直线x=1和x=2上.记直线y=-nx+3n为l,l与直线x=1和x=2的交点的纵坐标分别为y1、y2,由y1=2n,y2=n,知an=3n(n∈N*).
(2)(理)(i)由Sn=
1
an+1
+
1
an+2
++
1
a2n
=
1
3
×(
1
n+1
+
1
n+2
++
1
2n
)
.知Sn+1-Sn=
1
3
×(
1
2n+1
+
1
2n+2
-
1
n+1
)=
1
3
×(
1
2n+1
-
1
2n+2
)>0
.所以Sn=
1
an+1
+
1
an+2
+…+
1
a2n
7
36
(n>1,n∈N*)

(ii)T2n=
1
3
×(1+
1
2
+S2+S4++S2n-1
)≥
1
3
×(1+
1
2
+
7
12
+
7
12
++
7
12
n-1项
)
=
7n+11
36
(n>1,n∈N*)

(文)由题设知Tn=
n(n+1)
2n
.Tn+1-Tn=
(n+1)(n+2)
2n+1
-
n(n+1)
2n
=
(n+1)(2-n)
2n+1
,n≥3时{Tn}是递减数列,且T1=1<T2=T3=
3
2
,所以T2,T3是数列{Tn}的最大项,故m≥T2=
3
2
解答:解:(1)∵x>0,y=3n-nx>0,0<x<3,x=1或x=2.
∴Dn内的整点在直线x=1和x=2上.记直线y=-nx+3n为l,l与直线x=1和x=2的交点的纵坐标分别为y1、y2
∴y1=2n,y2=n.∴an=3n(n∈N*).
(2)(理)(i)Sn=
1
an+1
+
1
an+2
++
1
a2n
=
1
3
×(
1
n+1
+
1
n+2
++
1
2n
)

Sn+1-Sn=
1
3
×(
1
2n+1
+
1
2n+2
-
1
n+1
)=
1
3
×(
1
2n+1
-
1
2n+2
)>0

∴Sn+1>Sn,Sn≥S2(n>1,n∈N*).
S2=
1
3
×(
1
3
+
1
4
)=
7
36,
Sn=
1
an+1
+
1
an+2
++
1
a2n
7
36
(n>1,n∈N*)


(ii)T2n=
1
3
×[1+
1
2
++
1
2n
)]
=
1
3
×(1+
1
2
+S2+S4++S2n-1

1
3
×(1+
1
2
+
7
12
+
7
12
++
7
12
n-1项
)
=
7n+11
36
(n>1,n∈N*)

(文)∵Sn=3(1+2+3+…+n)=
3n(n+1)
2
,∴Tn=
n(n+1)
2n

∴Tn+1-Tn=
(n+1)(n+2)
2n+1
-
n(n+1)
2n
=
(n+1)(2-n)
2n+1
,∴当n≥3时,Tn+1<Tn,∴n≥3时{Tn}是递减数列,且T1=1<T2=T3=
3
2
,∴T2,T3是数列{Tn}的最大项,故m≥T2=
3
2
点评:本题考查数列的性质和应用,解题时要注意公式的合理运用和不等式的应用.
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