题目内容
本题满分16分)两个数列{an},{bn},满足bn=
.★(参考公式1+22+32+…+n2=
)
求证:{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是{an}为等差数列.
a1+2a2+3a3+…+nan |
1+2+3+…+n |
n(n+1)(2n+1) |
6 |
求证:{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是{an}为等差数列.
分析:由条件可得
bn+1-
bn=an+1 ,
bn-
bn-1=an,相减可得 an+1 -an═
(bn+1-bn )+
(bn+1-bn )-
(bn-bn-1),由于{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是 bn+1-bn=bn-bn-1=常数d,此时an+1 -an=
d+
d-
d=
d,是个常数,从而结论成立.
n+2 |
2 |
n |
2 |
n+1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
n+1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
n+1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
解答:证明:∵bn=
,∴bn+1=
,
∴
bn=a1+2a2+3a3+…+nan ①,
bn+1=a1+2a2+3a3+…+nan+(n+1)an+1.②
②减去①可得
bn+1-
bn=(n+1)an+1.
两边同时除以n+1可得
bn+1-
bn=an+1 ③,
∴
bn-
bn-1=an ④.
③减去④可得 an+1 -an=(
bn+1 -
bn )-(
bn -
bn-1 )
=
bn+1 +bn+1 -
bn-
bn-
bn+
bn-1-
bn-1
=
(bn+1-bn )+
(bn+1-bn )+
(bn-bn-1)-
(bn-bn-1)
=
(bn+1-bn )+
(bn+1-bn )-
(bn-bn-1).
由于{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是 bn+1-bn=bn-bn-1=常数d,
此时an+1 -an=
d+
d-
d=
d,是个常数.
故:{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是{an}为等差数列.
a1+2a2+3a3+…+nan |
1+2+3+…+n |
a1+2a2+3a3+…+nan+(n+1)an |
1+2+3+…+n+(n+1) |
∴
n(n+1) |
2 |
(n+1)(n+2) |
2 |
②减去①可得
(n+1)(n+2) |
2 |
n(n+1) |
2 |
两边同时除以n+1可得
n+2 |
2 |
n |
2 |
∴
n+1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
③减去④可得 an+1 -an=(
n+2 |
2 |
n+1 |
2 |
n |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
=
n |
2 |
n |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n |
2 |
n |
2 |
1 |
2 |
=
n |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n |
2 |
=
n+1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
由于{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是 bn+1-bn=bn-bn-1=常数d,
此时an+1 -an=
n+1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
n-1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
故:{bn}为等差数列的充要条件是{an}为等差数列.
点评:本题主要考查用分析法和综合法证明数学命题,体现了等价转化的数学思想,属于中档题.
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