题目内容
(本小题满分16分)某地有三个村庄,分别位于等腰直角三角形ABC的三个顶点处,已知AB=AC=18km,现计划在BC边的高AO上一点P处建造一个变电站. 记P到三个村庄的距离之和为y ,(1)设
,把y表示成
的函数关系式;(2)变电站建于何处时,它到三个小区的距离之和最小?![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104375422436.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437511575.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437527302.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104375422436.png)
解:(1)由等腰直角三角形ABC中AB=AC=18km得:
=OA=
km,
又
,所以
. ……2分
所以点P到A、B、C的距离之和为
(7分)
故所求函数关系式为
. (
) (8分)
(2)由(1)得
,令
即
,又
,
从而
. (12分) .当
时,
;当
时,
.
所以当
时,
取得最小值, (15分)
此时
(km),即点P在OA上距O点3
km处.
答:变电站建于距O点3
km处时,它到三个小区的距离之和最小. (16分)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437573379.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437589432.png)
又
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437605660.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437620596.png)
所以点P到A、B、C的距离之和为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104376362830.png)
故所求函数关系式为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104376511136.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437620596.png)
(2)由(1)得
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104376831140.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437823410.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437839584.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437620596.png)
从而
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437870515.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437885633.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437901435.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437917648.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437948432.png)
所以当
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210437870515.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104376511136.png)
此时
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232104379951084.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210438073333.png)
答:变电站建于距O点3
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823210438073333.png)
略
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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