ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
18£®»¯Ñ§ÖеÄijЩԪËØÊÇÓëÉúÃü»î¶¯Ãܲ»¿É·ÖµÄÔªËØ£¬Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣮£¨1£©NH4NO3ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄ»¯Ñ§·ÊÁÏ£¬ÆäÖÐNÔ×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯·½Ê½ÊÇsp3¡¢sp2£®
£¨2£©Î¬ÉúËØCÊÇÒ»ÖÖË®ÈÜÐÔάÉúËØ£¬Ë®¹ûºÍÊß²ËÖк¬Á¿·á¸»£¬¸ÃÎïÖʽṹ¼òʽÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£®ÒÔϹØÓÚάÉúËØCµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇad£®
a£®·Ö×ÓÖмȺ¬Óм«ÐÔ¼üÓÖº¬ÓзǼ«ÐÔ¼ü
b.1mol ·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ4mol ¦Ð¼ü
c£®¸ÃÎïÖʵÄÈÛµã¿ÉÄܸßÓÚNaCl
d£®·Ö×ÓÖÐËùº¬ÔªËص縺ÐÔÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪO£¾C£¾H
£¨3£©Î¬ÉúËØC¾§ÌåÈÜÓÚË®µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒª¿Ë·þµÄ΢Á£¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓÐÇâ¼ü¡¢·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£®
£¨4£©KSCNÈÜÒº¿ÉÓÃÓÚFe3+µÄ¼ìÑ飬ÔÒòÊÇÌúÀë×ÓÍâΧÓн϶àÄÜÁ¿Ïà½üµÄ¿Õ¹ìµÀ£¬Òò´ËÄÜÓëһЩ·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ÓÐγÉÅäºÏÎFe3+µÄ¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3d5£¬ÓëÖ®ÐγÉÅäºÏÎïµÄ·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ÓÖеÄÅäλÔ×ÓÓ¦¾ß±¸µÄ½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷ÊÇÓйµç×Ó¶Ô£®
£¨5£©1183KÒÔÏ´¿Ìú¾§ÌåµÄ¾§°ûÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£¬1183KÒÔÉÏÔòת±äΪͼ3Ëùʾ¾§°û£¬Ôòͼ2ºÍͼ3ÖУ¬ÌúÔ×ÓµÄÅäλÊýÖ®±ÈΪ2£º3£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾Ý¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛÈ·¶¨NÔ×ÓÔÓ»¯·½Ê½£»
£¨2£©a£®Í¬ÖַǽðÊôÔªËؼäÐγɷǼ«ÐÔ¼ü£¬²»Í¬·Ç½ðÊôÔªËؼäÐγɼ«ÐÔ¼ü£»
b£®Ë«¼üÖк¬ÓÐ1¸ö¦Ð¼ü£»
c£®·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãСÓÚÀë×Ó¾§Ì壻
d£®·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬µç¸ºÐÔԽǿ£®
£¨3£©·Ö×Ó¼ä´æÔÚ·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£¬ôÇ»ù¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÔªËØ·ûºÅ£¬ÅжÏÔªËØÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÊý£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀíÀ´Ð´£»ÐγÉÅäÀë×Ӿ߱¸µÄÌõ¼þΪ£ºÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¾ßÓпչìµÀ£¬ÅäÌå¾ßÓй¶Եç×Ó¶Ô£»
£¨5£©1183KÒÔÏ£¬ÓëλÓÚ¶¥µãµÄÌúÔ×ӵȾàÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×ÓλÓÚ¾§°ûÌåÐÄ£¬¶¥µãµÄÌúÔ×Ó±»8¸ö¾§°û¹²ÓУ¬ÒÔ´ËÅжÏÅäλÊý£»1183KÒÔÉÏ£¬ÓëÌúÔ×ӵȾàÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×ÓλÓÚÃæÐÄ£¬Ôò¾àÀ붥µãµÄÌúÔ×Ó¾àÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×Ó£¬ºáƽÃæÓÐ4¸ö¡¢ÊúƽÃæÓÐ4¸ö¡¢Æ½ÐÐÓÚÖ½ÃæµÄÓÐ4¸ö£¬¹²12¸ö£¬ÒÔ´ËÅжÏÅäλÊýÖ®±È£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©NH4N03ÖÐ笠ùÀë×ÓÖÐNÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¸öÊýÊÇ4¡¢ÏõËá¸ùÀë×ÓÖÐNÔ×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¸öÊýÊÇ3£¬ËùÒÔNÔ×ÓÔÓ»¯·½Ê½Îªsp3ÔÓ»¯¡¢sp2ÔÓ»¯£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3ÔÓ»¯¡¢sp2ÔÓ»¯£»
£¨2£©a£®Í¬ÖַǽðÊôÔªËؼäÐγɷǼ«ÐÔ¼ü£¬²»Í¬·Ç½ðÊôÔªËؼäÐγɼ«ÐÔ¼ü£¬Î¬ÉúËØCÖк¬ÓÐC-C·Ç¼«ÐÔ¼üºÍC-H¡¢O-H¼«ÐÔ¼ü£¬¹ÊaÕýÈ·£»
b£®Ë«¼üÖк¬ÓÐ1¸ö¦Ð¼ü£¬Ôò1mol ·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol ¦Ð¼ü£¬¹Êb´íÎó£»
c£®·Ö×Ó¾§ÌåµÄÈÛµãСÓÚÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬άÉúËØCÊôÓÚ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬NaClÊôÓÚÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬ËùÒÔ¸ÃÎïÖʵÄÈÛµãµÍÓÚNaCl£¬¹Êc´íÎó£»
d£®·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿ£¬µç¸ºÐÔԽǿ£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ£ºO£¾C£¾H£¬Ôòµç¸ºÐÔ£»O£¾C£¾H£¬¹ÊdÕýÈ·£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºad£»
£¨3£©Î¬ÉúËØC·Ö×Ó¼ä´æÔÚ·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£¬·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐôÇ»ù£¬ôÇ»ù¼äÄÜÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬ËùÒÔάÉúËØC¾§ÌåÈÜÓÚË®µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒª¿Ë·þµÄ΢Á£¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓÐÇâ¼ü¡¢·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÇâ¼ü¡¢·¶µÂ»ªÁ¦£»
£¨4£©FeÔªËØΪ26ºÅÔªËØ£¬Ô×ÓºËÍâÓÐ26¸öµç×Ó£¬ËùÒÔºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2£¬FeʧȥÈý¸öµç×ӵõ½Fe3+£¬Fe3+µÄµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d5£»ËùÒÔ»ù̬Fe3+µÄ¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª3d5£»ÐγÉÅäÀë×Ӿ߱¸µÄÌõ¼þΪ£ºÖÐÐÄÔ×Ó¾ßÓпչìµÀ£¬ÅäÌå¾ßÓй¶Եç×Ó¶Ô£¬ÔòÓëFe3+ÐγÉÅäºÏÎïµÄ·Ö×Ó»òÀë×ÓÖеÄÅäλÔ×ÓÓ¦¾ß±¸µÄ½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷ÊÇÓйµç×Ó¶Ô£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º3d5£»Óйµç×Ó¶Ô£»
£¨5£©1183KÒÔÏ£¬ÓëλÓÚ¶¥µãµÄÌúÔ×ӵȾàÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×ÓλÓÚ¾§°ûÌåÐÄ£¬¶¥µãµÄÌúÔ×Ó±»8¸ö¾§°û¹²ÓУ¬ÔòÅäλÊýΪ8£»1183KÒÔÉÏ£¬ÓëÌúÔ×ӵȾàÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×ÓλÓÚÃæÐÄ£¬Ôò¾àÀ붥µãµÄÌúÔ×Ó¾àÀëÇÒ×î½üµÄÌúÔ×Ó£¬ºáƽÃæÓÐ4¸ö¡¢ÊúƽÃæÓÐ4¸ö¡¢Æ½ÐÐÓÚÖ½ÃæµÄÓÐ4¸ö£¬¹²12¸ö£¬ÅäλÊýÖ®±ÈΪ2£º3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£º3£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÎïÖʽṹºÍÐÔÖÊ£¬ÌâÄ¿±È½Ï×ۺϣ¬²àÖضÔÎïÖʽṹÖ÷¸É֪ʶµÄ¿¼²é£¬Éæ¼°µç¸ºÐÔ¡¢ÔÓ»¯ÀíÂÛ¡¢»¯Ñ§¼ü¡¢·Ö×ӽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ¡¢¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÓëÐÔÖÊ¡¢¾§°û¼ÆËãµÈ£¬ÐèҪѧÉú¾ß±¸ÖªÊ¶µÄ»ù´¡£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | ¼üÄÜ£ºC¡ÔC£¾C=C£¾C-C | B£® | ¼ü³¤£ºC-C£¾C=C£¾C¡ÔC | ||
C£® | ·Ðµã£ºC5H8£¾C4H6£¾C3H4 | D£® | ·Ö×Ó»îÐÔ£ºC2H6£¾C2H4£¾C2H2 |
A£® | ȼ·ÅÑÌ»¨±¬Öñ | B£® | ´óÁ¦·¢Õ¹»ðÁ¦·¢µç | ||
C£® | ¶Ìì·ÙÉÕÀ¬»ø | D£® | Ìá¸ßµç¶¯Æû³µµÄ±ÈÀý |
¡¾²éÔÄ×ÊÁÏ¡¿
£¨1£©Na2O2»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʺܻîÆã¬ÄÜÓëË®¡¢¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦£¬Ïà¹Ø»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü£»2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2£®
£¨2£©Na2CO3ÈÜÒºÓëÖÐÐÔµÄCaCl2ÈÜÒºÄÜ·¢Éú¸´·Ö½â·´Ó¦£®
¡¾²ÂÏë¡¿
¢ñ£º¹ÌÌåΪNa2O2¡¢NaOH¡¢Na2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎï
¢ò£º¹ÌÌåΪNaOHºÍNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎï
¢ó£º¹ÌÌåΪNaOH
¢ô£º¹ÌÌåΪNa2CO3
¡¾ÊµÑé̽¾¿¡¿
ʵÑé²Ù×÷ | ʵÑéÏÖÏó | ʵÑé½áÂÛ |
¢ÙÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¹ÌÌåÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬¼ÓË®Õñµ´£¬ Ö±ÖÁÍêÈ«Èܽ⣮ | ÎÞÆøÅݲúÉú | ²ÂÏë¢ñ²»³ÉÁ¢ |
¢ÚÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¢ÙÖеÄÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬ µÎ¼ÓCaCl2ÈÜÒº£® | ²úÉú°×É«³Áµí | Ö¤Ã÷ÓÐNa2CO3´æÔÚ |
¢Û È¡ÉÙÁ¿¢ÙÖеÄÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿CaCl2ÈÜҺʹ³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬¾²Öúó£¬ÏòÉϲãÇåÒºÖеμӷÓ̪ÊÔÒº£® | ·Ó̪ÊÔÒº±äºì | Ö¤Ã÷ÓÐNaOH´æÔÚ |
×ÛºÏÒÔÉÏʵÑéÏÖÏó£¬ËµÃ÷²ÂÏë¢òÊdzÉÁ¢µÄ£® |
A£® | 25¡æʱ£¬ÔÚMg£¨OH£©2µÄÐü×ÇÒºÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄNH4Cl¹ÌÌ壬c£¨Mg2+£©½«¼õС | |
B£® | Ò»¶¨Î¶ÈÏ£¬·´Ó¦¡°2HI£¨g£©=H2£¨g£©+I2£¨g£©¡÷H£¾0¡±ÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐУ¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦¡÷S£¾0 | |
C£® | ÏòµÎÓзÓ̪µÄNa2CO3ÈÜÒºÖеμÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ºìÉ«Öð½¥ÍÊÈ¥£¬ËµÃ÷BaCl2ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ | |
D£® | Èçͼµç³Ø·ÅµçʱµÄÕý¼«·´Ó¦Ê½£º2Li++Li2O2+2e-=2Li2O |
A£® | 11.2L£¼a£¼22.4L | |
B£® | Èôa=16.8L£¬V£¨N2O4£©=5.6L | |
C£® | Èôa=16.8L£¬n£¨NaNO2£©£ºn£¨NaNO3£©=4£º1 | |
D£® | Èô»ìºÏÆøÌåÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Ö»Éú³ÉÒ»ÖÖÑΣ¬Ôòn£¨NO£©=0.5mol |
A£® | ±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬11.2LH2Oº¬ÓеķÖ×ÓÊýΪ0.5NA | |
B£® | 0.1mol°×Á×£¨P4£©Ëùº¬µÄ¹²¼Û¼üÊýĿΪ0.4 NA | |
C£® | ÔÚ·´Ó¦KClO4+8HCl=KCl+4Cl2¡ü+4H2OÖУ¬Ã¿Éú³É4mol Cl2תÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ7NA | |
D£® | º¬NA¸öNa+µÄNa2OÈܽâÓÚ1LË®ÖУ¬Na+µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ1mol/L |