ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨1£©Ö÷×åÔªËØAµÄ¼òµ¥ÑôÀë×Ó²»ÓëÈκÎÔ×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¡£ÔªËØBÓ뵪ԪËØͬÖÜÆÚ£¬BµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚµª£¬¶øµÚÒ»µçÀëÄܱȵªµÄС¡£AÓëBÄÜÐγÉÁ½ÖÖ»¯ºÏÎïA2B2ºÍA2B£¬ÆäÖÐBµÄÔÓ»¯·½Ê½·Ö±ðΪ ¡¢ ¡£A2B¡¢NH3¡¢SiH4µÄ¼ü½ÇÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡ÒÀ´ÎΪ £¨Ìѧʽ£©¡£A2BÓÉҺ̬Ðγɾ§ÌåʱÃܶȼõС£¬Ö÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ ¡£
£¨2£©ÐÂÐÍÎÞ»ú²ÄÁÏÔÚÐí¶àÁìÓò±»¹ã·ºÓ¦Óá£ÌÕ´É·¢¶¯»úµÄ²ÄÁÏÑ¡Óõª»¯¹è£¬ËüÓ²¶È´ó¡¢»¯Ñ§Îȶ¨ÐÔÇ¿£¬ÊǺܺõĸßÎÂÌմɲÄÁÏ¡£³ýÇâ·úËáÍ⣬µª»¯¹è²»ÓëÆäËûÎÞ»úËá·´Ó¦£¬¿¹¸¯Ê´ÄÜÁ¦Ç¿¡£µª»¯¹èµÄ¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÊÇ £¬µª»¯¹èÓëÇâ·úËá·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨3£©MgC03ºÍCaC03¶¼ÎªÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬ÈÈ·Ö½âµÄζȷֱðΪ402¡æºÍ900¡æ£¬Çë¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹ÓëÐÔÖʵĹØϵ˵Ã÷ËüÃÇÈÈ·Ö½âζȲ»Í¬µÄÔÒò£º ¡£
£¨4£©É黯ïع㷺ÓÃÓÚÀ×´ï¡¢µç×Ó¼ÆËã»ú¡¢ÈËÔìÎÀÐÇ¡¢ÓîÖæ·É´¬µÈ¼â¶Ë¼¼ÊõÖС£ïصĻù̬Ô×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª £¬É黯ïصľ§°û½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬Æ侧°û±ß³¤Îªa pm£¬ÔòÿÁ¢·½ÀåÃ׸þ§ÌåÖÐËùº¬ÉéÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿Îª g£¨ÓÃNA±íʾ°¢·ü¼ÓµÂÂÞ³£Êý£©¡£
£¨2£©ÐÂÐÍÎÞ»ú²ÄÁÏÔÚÐí¶àÁìÓò±»¹ã·ºÓ¦Óá£ÌÕ´É·¢¶¯»úµÄ²ÄÁÏÑ¡Óõª»¯¹è£¬ËüÓ²¶È´ó¡¢»¯Ñ§Îȶ¨ÐÔÇ¿£¬ÊǺܺõĸßÎÂÌմɲÄÁÏ¡£³ýÇâ·úËáÍ⣬µª»¯¹è²»ÓëÆäËûÎÞ»úËá·´Ó¦£¬¿¹¸¯Ê´ÄÜÁ¦Ç¿¡£µª»¯¹èµÄ¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÊÇ £¬µª»¯¹èÓëÇâ·úËá·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
£¨3£©MgC03ºÍCaC03¶¼ÎªÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬ÈÈ·Ö½âµÄζȷֱðΪ402¡æºÍ900¡æ£¬Çë¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹ÓëÐÔÖʵĹØϵ˵Ã÷ËüÃÇÈÈ·Ö½âζȲ»Í¬µÄÔÒò£º ¡£
£¨4£©É黯ïع㷺ÓÃÓÚÀ×´ï¡¢µç×Ó¼ÆËã»ú¡¢ÈËÔìÎÀÐÇ¡¢ÓîÖæ·É´¬µÈ¼â¶Ë¼¼ÊõÖС£ïصĻù̬Ô×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª £¬É黯ïصľ§°û½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬Æ侧°û±ß³¤Îªa pm£¬ÔòÿÁ¢·½ÀåÃ׸þ§ÌåÖÐËùº¬ÉéÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿Îª g£¨ÓÃNA±íʾ°¢·ü¼ÓµÂÂÞ³£Êý£©¡£
£¨1£©sp3(1·Ö) sp,3(1·Ö)SiH4>NH3>H2O£¨2·Ö£©Ðγɾ§Ìåʱ£¬Ã¿¸öË®·Ö×ÓÓë4¸öË®·Ö×ÓÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹¹³É¿Õ¼äÕýËÄÃæÌåÍø×´½á¹¹£¬Ë®·Ö×ӵĿռäÀûÓÃÂʵͣ¬Ãܶȷ´¶ø¼õС£¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©Ô×Ó¾§Ìå(1·Ö)Si3N4+12HF=3SiF4+4NH3¡ü£¨2·Ö£©
£¨3£©Mg2+°ë¾¶Ð¡ÓÚCa2+°ë¾¶£¬¹ÊMgO¾§¸ñÄÜ´óÓÚCaO¾§¸ñÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔMg2+±ÈCa2+¸üÒ×Óë̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓÖеÄÑôÀë×Ó½áºÏ£¬Ê¹Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó·Ö½âΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»£¨2·Ö£©
£¨4£©4s24p1£¨2·Ö£© 3.00¡Á1032/a3¡¤NA£¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©Ô×Ó¾§Ìå(1·Ö)Si3N4+12HF=3SiF4+4NH3¡ü£¨2·Ö£©
£¨3£©Mg2+°ë¾¶Ð¡ÓÚCa2+°ë¾¶£¬¹ÊMgO¾§¸ñÄÜ´óÓÚCaO¾§¸ñÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔMg2+±ÈCa2+¸üÒ×Óë̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓÖеÄÑôÀë×Ó½áºÏ£¬Ê¹Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó·Ö½âΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»£¨2·Ö£©
£¨4£©4s24p1£¨2·Ö£© 3.00¡Á1032/a3¡¤NA£¨2·Ö£©
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º(1) Ö÷×åÔªËØAµÄ¼òµ¥ÑôÀë×Ó²»ÓëÈκÎÔ×Ó¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼,ÔòAÊÇHÔªËØ£¬AÓëBÄÜÐγÉÁ½ÖÖ»¯ºÏÎïA2B2ºÍA2BÇÒBΪµÚ¶þÖÜÆÚÔªËØ£¬ËùÒÔBΪOÔªËØ£»»¯ºÏÎïA2B2ºÍA2B·Ö±ðÊÇH2O2¡¢H2O£¬¶þÕ߶¼ÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬SiH4¡¢NH3¡¢H2OµÄ¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô¶¼ÊÇ4£¬µ«¹Âµç×Ó¶ÔÊý·Ö±ðÊÇ0¡¢1¡¢2£¬¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊýÏàͬʱ¹Â¶ÔÔ½¶à¼ü½ÇԽС£¬ËùÒÔ¼ü½ÇµÄ´óС˳ÐòÊÇSiH4>NH3>H2O£»ÒºÌ¬Ë®µÄÃܶȴóÓÚ±ù£¬ÊÇÒòΪ±ùÖеÄÿ¸öË®·Ö×ÓÓë4¸öË®·Ö×ÓÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹¹³É¿Õ¼äÕýËÄÃæÌåÍø×´½á¹¹£¬Ë®·Ö×ӵĿռäÀûÓÃÂʵͣ¬Ãܶȷ´¶ø¼õС£»
£¨2£©µª»¯¹èÓ²¶È´ó¡¢»¯Ñ§Îȶ¨ÐÔÇ¿£¬ÊôÓÚÔ×Ó¾§Ì壻µª»¯¹èÓëÇâ·úËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉËÄ·ú»¯¹èºÍ°±Æø£¬»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪSi3N4+12HF=3SiF4+4NH3¡ü£»
£¨3£©¶þÕßµÄÒõÀë×Ó¶¼ÊÇ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬ÑôÀë×Ó²»Í¬£¬ËùÒÔÓ¦±È½ÏÑôÀë×ӵİ뾶µÄ²»Í¬Ëù¾ö¶¨µÄÀë×Ó¼üµÄÇ¿Èõ²»Í¬£¬Mg2+°ë¾¶Ð¡ÓÚCa2+°ë¾¶£¬¹ÊMgO¾§¸ñÄÜ´óÓÚCaO¾§¸ñÄÜ£¬ËùÒÔMg2+±ÈCa2+¸üÒ×Óë̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓÖеÄÑõÀë×Ó½áºÏ£¬Ê¹Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×Ó·Ö½âΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»
£¨4£©ïØÊǵÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¢óAÖ÷×åÔªËØ£¬×îÍâ²ã3¸öµç×Ó£¬ËùÒÔÆä»ù̬Ô×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª4s24p1£¬É黯ïصľ§°û½á¹¹Óë½ð¸ÕʯÏàËÆ£¬ËùÒÔÉ黯ïصľ§°ûÖÐÓÐ4¸öÉéÔ×Ó£¬Ôò1¸ö¾§°ûÖÐÉéÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇ
4¡Á75g/NA=300g/NA£¬¾§°ûµÄÌå»ýΪ£¨a¡Á10-10£©3cm3,ËùÒÔÿÁ¢·½ÀåÃ׸þ§ÌåÖÐËùº¬ÉéÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿Îª3.00¡Á1032/a3¡¤NAg¡£
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿