ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
[»¯Ñ§--Ñ¡ÐÞÎïÖʽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ]
ÒÑÖªA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¡¢GλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒÔªËØÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¼Ó£¬AÑæÉ«·´Ó¦³Ê»ÆÉ«£»¹¤Òµ³£Óõç½âBµÄÈÛÈÚµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïÀ´ÖƱ¸B£¬CÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄܱ»HFºÍNaOHÈÜÒºÈܽâµÄµ¥ÖÊ£¬DµÄµç¸ºÐÔ±ÈÁ״󣬵ÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÈ´±ÈÁ×С£¬Eµ¥ÖÊÊÇÖƱ¸Æ¯°×ÒºµÄÔÁÏ£¬FÄÜÐγɺìÉ«£¨»òשºìÉ«£©ºÍºÚÉ«µÄÁ½ÖÖÑõ»¯ÎGÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ÷×å½ðÊô£®
£¨1£©Ç°ËÄÖÜÆÚËùÓÐÔªËØÖУ¬»ù̬Ô×ÓÖÐδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÓëÆäËùÔÚÖÜÆÚÊýÏàͬµÄÔªËØÓÐ ÖÖ£®
£¨2£©ÔªËØA¡¢B¡¢C·Ö±ðÓë·úÆø»¯ºÏÐγÉÎïÖÊX¡¢Y¡¢ZÈÛµã¼ûÏÂ±í£º
½âÊͱíÖзú»¯ÎïÈÛµã²îÒìµÄÔÒò£º £®
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓDOE2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖҺ̬»¯ºÏÎÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓDµÄÔÓ»¯·½Ê½ÊÇ £®ÏòÊ¢ÓÐ10mLË®µÄ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖеμÓÉÙÁ¿µÄDOE2ÈÜÒº£¬Éú³ÉÁ½ÖÖÓд̼¤ÐÔÆøζµÄÆøÌ壮ÇëÊéд´Ë·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ £®
£¨4£©GÓ뵪Ô×Ó¿É1£º1»¯ºÏ£¬ÐγÉÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄÐÂÐÍ°ëµ¼Ìå²ÄÁÏ£¬Æ侧Ìå½á¹¹Óëµ¥¾§¹èÏàËÆ£®GÔ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª £®ÔڸúϳɲÄÁÏÖУ¬Óëͬһ¸öGÔ×ÓÏàÁ¬µÄNÔ×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪÕýËÄÃæÌ壮ÔÚËÄÖÖ»ù±¾¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÖУ¬´Ë¾§ÌåÊôÓÚ ¾§Ì壮
£¨5£©F¾§ÌåµÄ¶Ñ»ý·½Ê½ÊÇ £¨Ìî¶Ñ»ýÃû³Æ£©£¬ÆäÅäλÊýΪ £® ÏòFµÄÁòËáÑÎÈÜÒºÖеμӰ±Ë®Ö±ÖÁ¹ýÁ¿£¬Ð´³ö´Ë¹ý³ÌËùÉæ¼°µÄÁ½¸öÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ ¸ù¾Ý¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛ£¬Ô¤²âSO42-µÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪ £®
ÒÑÖªA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¡¢GλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒÔªËØÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¼Ó£¬AÑæÉ«·´Ó¦³Ê»ÆÉ«£»¹¤Òµ³£Óõç½âBµÄÈÛÈÚµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïÀ´ÖƱ¸B£¬CÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄܱ»HFºÍNaOHÈÜÒºÈܽâµÄµ¥ÖÊ£¬DµÄµç¸ºÐÔ±ÈÁ״󣬵ÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÈ´±ÈÁ×С£¬Eµ¥ÖÊÊÇÖƱ¸Æ¯°×ÒºµÄÔÁÏ£¬FÄÜÐγɺìÉ«£¨»òשºìÉ«£©ºÍºÚÉ«µÄÁ½ÖÖÑõ»¯ÎGÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ÷×å½ðÊô£®
£¨1£©Ç°ËÄÖÜÆÚËùÓÐÔªËØÖУ¬»ù̬Ô×ÓÖÐδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÓëÆäËùÔÚÖÜÆÚÊýÏàͬµÄÔªËØÓÐ
£¨2£©ÔªËØA¡¢B¡¢C·Ö±ðÓë·úÆø»¯ºÏÐγÉÎïÖÊX¡¢Y¡¢ZÈÛµã¼ûÏÂ±í£º
·ú»¯Îï | X | Y | Z |
ÈÛµã/K | 1266 | 1534 | 183 |
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓDOE2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖҺ̬»¯ºÏÎÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓDµÄÔÓ»¯·½Ê½ÊÇ
£¨4£©GÓ뵪Ô×Ó¿É1£º1»¯ºÏ£¬ÐγÉÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄÐÂÐÍ°ëµ¼Ìå²ÄÁÏ£¬Æ侧Ìå½á¹¹Óëµ¥¾§¹èÏàËÆ£®GÔ×ӵļ۵ç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª
£¨5£©F¾§ÌåµÄ¶Ñ»ý·½Ê½ÊÇ
·ÖÎö£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¡¢GλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¼Ó£®AÑæÉ«·´Ó¦³Ê»ÆÉ«£¬ÔòAΪNa£»CÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄܱ»HFºÍNaOHÈÜÒºÈܽâµÄµ¥ÖÊ£¬ÔòCΪSi£»Eµ¥ÖÊÊÇÖƱ¸Æ¯°×ÒºµÄÔÁÏ£¬ÔòEΪCl£»½áºÏÔ×ÓÐòÊý¿ÉÖªB¡¢D´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬¹¤Òµ³£Óõç½âBµÄÈÛÈÚµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïÀ´ÖƱ¸B£¬BµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎBÔ×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚNa£¬¹ÊBΪMg£»DµÄµç¸ºÐÔ±ÈÁ״󣬵ÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÈ´±ÈÁ×С£¬ÔòDΪSÔªËØ£»FÄÜÐγɺìÉ«£¨»òשºìÉ«£©ºÍºÚÉ«µÄÁ½ÖÖÑõ»¯ÎÔòFΪCu£»GÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ÷×å½ðÊô£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚCu£¬ÓÉ£¨4£©ÖÐGÓ뵪Ô×Ó¿É1£º1»¯ºÏ£¬G±íÏÖ+3¼Û£¬ÔòGÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÓÚ¢óA×壬¹ÊGΪGa£¬¾Ý´Ë½â´ð£®
½â´ð£º½â£ºA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¡¢F¡¢GλÓÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄÇ°ËÄÖÜÆÚ£¬ÇÒÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö¼Ó£®AÑæÉ«·´Ó¦³Ê»ÆÉ«£¬ÔòAΪNa£»CÊÇÒ»ÖÖÄܱ»HFºÍNaOHÈÜÒºÈܽâµÄµ¥ÖÊ£¬ÔòCΪSi£»Eµ¥ÖÊÊÇÖƱ¸Æ¯°×ÒºµÄÔÁÏ£¬ÔòEΪCl£»½áºÏÔ×ÓÐòÊý¿ÉÖªB¡¢D´¦ÓÚµÚÈýÖÜÆÚ£¬¹¤Òµ³£Óõç½âBµÄÈÛÈÚµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïÀ´ÖƱ¸B£¬BµÄÂÈ»¯ÎïΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎBÔ×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚNa£¬¹ÊBΪMg£»DµÄµç¸ºÐÔ±ÈÁ״󣬵ÚÒ»µçÀëÄÜÈ´±ÈÁ×С£¬ÔòDΪSÔªËØ£»FÄÜÐγɺìÉ«£¨»òשºìÉ«£©ºÍºÚÉ«µÄÁ½ÖÖÑõ»¯ÎÔòFΪCu£»GÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖ÷×å½ðÊô£¬Ô×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚCu£¬ÓÉ£¨4£©ÖÐGÓ뵪Ô×Ó¿É1£º1»¯ºÏ£¬G±íÏÖ+3¼Û£¬ÔòGÖ»ÄÜ´¦ÓÚ¢óA×壬¹ÊGΪGa£¬
£¨1£©µÚÒ»ÖÜÆÚÖУ¬ÓÐÒ»¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓµÄÊÇÇâÔ×Ó£¬Æäµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s1£»µÚ¶þÖÜÆÚÖУ¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇÁ½¸öµÄÓÐÁ½ÖÖC£º1s22s22p2 ºÍ O£º1s22s22p4£»µÚÈýÖÜÆÚÖУ¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇÈý¸öµÄÊÇP£º1s22s22p63s23p3£»µÚËÄÖÜÆÚÖÐδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇËĸöµÄÊÇFe£º1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6£¬¹²5ÖÖ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»
£¨2£©NaFÓë MgF2ΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬SiF4Ϊ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊSiF4µÄÈÛµãµÍ£»Mg2+µÄ°ë¾¶±ÈNa+µÄ°ë¾¶Ð¡£¬¹ÊMgF2µÄÈÛµã±ÈNaF¸ß£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaFÓë MgF2ΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬SiF4Ϊ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊSiF4µÄÈÛµãµÍ£»Mg2+µÄ°ë¾¶±ÈNa+µÄ°ë¾¶Ð¡£¬¹ÊMgF2µÄÈÛµã±ÈNaF¸ß£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓSOCl2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖҺ̬»¯ºÏÎÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSÔ×ӵļ۲ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=3+
=4¡¢º¬ÓÐ1¶Ô¹Â¶Ôµç×Ó£¬¹ÊSÔ×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp3ÔÓ»¯£®ÏòÊ¢ÓÐ10mLË®µÄ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖеμÓÉÙÁ¿µÄSOCl2ÈÜÒº£¬Éú³ÉÁ½ÖÖÓд̼¤ÐÔÆøζµÄÆøÌ壬ӦÊÇÉú³ÉSO2¡¢HCl£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽSOCl2+H2O=SO2+2HCl£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3£»SOCl2+H2O=SO2+2HCl£»
£¨4£©GΪGa£¬´¦ÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¢óA×壬¹ÊGaÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª4s24p1£¬ÔڸúϳɲÄÁÏGaNÖУ¬Óëͬһ¸öGaÔ×ÓÏàÁ¬µÄNÔ×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪÕýËÄÃæÌ壬GaN¾§Ìå½á¹¹Óëµ¥¾§¹èÏàËÆ£¬ÔÚËÄÖÖ»ù±¾¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÖУ¬´Ë¾§ÌåÊôÓÚÔ×Ó¾§Ì壬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4s24p1£»Ô×Ó£»
£¨5£©Cu¾§ÌåÃæÐÄÁ¢·½×îÃܶѻý£¬ÒÔµ½´ïCuÔ×ÓΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó£¬ÓëÖ®×î½üµÄCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚÃæÐÄÉÏ£¬Ã¿¸ö¶¥µãCuÔ×ÓΪ12¸öÃæ¹²Ó㬹ÊÆäÅäλÊýΪ12£® ÏòÁòËáÍÈÜÒºÖеμӰ±Ë®Ö±ÖÁ¹ýÁ¿£¬ÏÈÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Í³Áµí£¬×îºóÇâÑõ»¯ÍÓ백ˮÉú³É[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2+£¬Éæ¼°µÄ·´Ó¦Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCu2++2NH3?H2O=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NH4+¡¢Cu£¨OH£©2+4NH3?H2O=[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2++2OH-+4H2O£»
SO42-ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSµÄ¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô=4+
=4¡¢SÔ×ӹµç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ0£¬¹ÊSO42-ΪÕýËÄÃæÌå½á¹¹£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÃæÐÄÁ¢·½×îÃܶѻý£»12£»Cu2++2NH3?H2O=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NH4+¡¢Cu£¨OH£©2+4NH3?H2O=[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2++2OH-+4H2O£»ÕýËÄÃæÌ壮
£¨1£©µÚÒ»ÖÜÆÚÖУ¬ÓÐÒ»¸öδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓµÄÊÇÇâÔ×Ó£¬Æäµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s1£»µÚ¶þÖÜÆÚÖУ¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇÁ½¸öµÄÓÐÁ½ÖÖC£º1s22s22p2 ºÍ O£º1s22s22p4£»µÚÈýÖÜÆÚÖУ¬Î´³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇÈý¸öµÄÊÇP£º1s22s22p63s23p3£»µÚËÄÖÜÆÚÖÐδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊÇËĸöµÄÊÇFe£º1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6£¬¹²5ÖÖ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»
£¨2£©NaFÓë MgF2ΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬SiF4Ϊ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊSiF4µÄÈÛµãµÍ£»Mg2+µÄ°ë¾¶±ÈNa+µÄ°ë¾¶Ð¡£¬¹ÊMgF2µÄÈÛµã±ÈNaF¸ß£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaFÓë MgF2ΪÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬SiF4Ϊ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊSiF4µÄÈÛµãµÍ£»Mg2+µÄ°ë¾¶±ÈNa+µÄ°ë¾¶Ð¡£¬¹ÊMgF2µÄÈÛµã±ÈNaF¸ß£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÌõ¼þÏ£¬¼«ÐÔ·Ö×ÓSOCl2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖҺ̬»¯ºÏÎÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSÔ×ӵļ۲ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊý=3+
6-2-1¡Á2 |
2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3£»SOCl2+H2O=SO2+2HCl£»
£¨4£©GΪGa£¬´¦ÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¢óA×壬¹ÊGaÔ×Ó¼Ûµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª4s24p1£¬ÔڸúϳɲÄÁÏGaNÖУ¬Óëͬһ¸öGaÔ×ÓÏàÁ¬µÄNÔ×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄ¿Õ¼ä¹¹ÐÍΪÕýËÄÃæÌ壬GaN¾§Ìå½á¹¹Óëµ¥¾§¹èÏàËÆ£¬ÔÚËÄÖÖ»ù±¾¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÖУ¬´Ë¾§ÌåÊôÓÚÔ×Ó¾§Ì壬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4s24p1£»Ô×Ó£»
£¨5£©Cu¾§ÌåÃæÐÄÁ¢·½×îÃܶѻý£¬ÒÔµ½´ïCuÔ×ÓΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó£¬ÓëÖ®×î½üµÄCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚÃæÐÄÉÏ£¬Ã¿¸ö¶¥µãCuÔ×ÓΪ12¸öÃæ¹²Ó㬹ÊÆäÅäλÊýΪ12£® ÏòÁòËáÍÈÜÒºÖеμӰ±Ë®Ö±ÖÁ¹ýÁ¿£¬ÏÈÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Í³Áµí£¬×îºóÇâÑõ»¯ÍÓ백ˮÉú³É[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2+£¬Éæ¼°µÄ·´Ó¦Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCu2++2NH3?H2O=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NH4+¡¢Cu£¨OH£©2+4NH3?H2O=[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2++2OH-+4H2O£»
SO42-ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓSµÄ¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô=4+
6+2-2¡Á4 |
2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÃæÐÄÁ¢·½×îÃܶѻý£»12£»Cu2++2NH3?H2O=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NH4+¡¢Cu£¨OH£©2+4NH3?H2O=[Cu£¨NH3£©4]2++2OH-+4H2O£»ÕýËÄÃæÌ壮
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ìâ×ۺϿ¼²éÎïÖʽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ£¬Éæ¼°ÔªËØÍƶϡ¢ÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂÉ¡¢ºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼¡¢¾§ÌåÀàÐÍÓëÐÔÖÊ¡¢ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÓë¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÀíÂÛ¡¢·Ö×ӽṹ¡¢ÅäºÏÎ³£Óû¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïµÈ£¬Îª¸ß¿¼³£¼ûÌâÐÍ£¬²àÖØÓÚѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎöÄÜÁ¦ºÍ×ÛºÏÔËÓû¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶µÄÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬ÕýÈ·ÍƶÏÔªËØÊǽⱾÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿