ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿½ðÊô·°±»ÓþΪ¡°ºÏ½ðµÄάÉúËØ¡±£¬³£ÓÃÓÚ´ß»¯¼ÁºÍÐÂÐ͵ç³Ø¡£·°(V)ÔÚÈÜÒºÖÐÖ÷ÒªÒÔVO43-(»ÆÉ«)¡¢VO2+(dz»ÆÉ«)¡¢VO2+(À¶É«)¡¢V3+(ÂÌÉ«)¡¢V2+(×ÏÉ«)µÈÐÎʽ´æÔÚ¡£»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)¹¤ÒµÖÐÀûÓÃV2O5ÖƱ¸½ðÊô·°¡£
4Al(s)+3O2(g)=2Al2O3(s) ¡÷H1=-2834kJ/mol
4V(s)+5O2(g)=2V2O5(s) ¡÷H2=-3109kJ/mol
д³öV2O5ÓëA1·´Ó¦ÖƱ¸½ðÊô·°µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ____________________¡£
(2)V2O5ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄÑõ»¯Î¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÐÔÖÊ£º
¢ÙV2O5ÔÚÇ¿¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒÔVO43-ÐÎʽ´æÔÚ£¬ÊÔд³öV2O5ÈÜÓÚNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º___________________________________________¡£
¢ÚV2O5¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÈÜÓÚŨÑÎËá¿ÉÒԵõ½À¶É«ÈÜÒº£¬ÊÔд³öV2O5ÓëŨÑÎËá·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£º________________________________¡£
(3)VO43-ºÍV2O74-ÔÚPH¡Ý13µÄÈÜÒºÖпÉÏ໥ת»¯¡£ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬1.0 mol¡¤L-1µÄNa3VO4ÈÜÒºÖÐc(VO43-)Ëæc(H+)µÄ±ä»¯ÈçͼËùʾ¡£
¢Ùд³öÈÜÒºÖÐNa3VO4ת»¯ÎªNa4V2O7µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ__________________¡£
¢ÚÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)Ôö´ó£¬VO43-µÄƽºâת»¯ÂÊ______(Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±¡°¼õС¡±»ò¡°²»±ä¡±)¡£¸ù¾ÝAµãÊý¾Ý£¬¼ÆËã¸Ãת»¯·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýµÄÊýֵΪ_____________¡£
(4)È«·°ÒºÁ÷µç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓÅÁ¼µÄÐÂÐÍÐîµç´¢ÄÜÉ豸£¬Æ乤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼËùʾ£º
¢Ù·Åµç¹ý³ÌÖÐAµç¼«µÄ·´Ó¦Ê½Îª__________________¡£
¢Ú³äµç¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Bµç¼«¸½½üÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«±ä»¯Îª___________________¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ 10Al(s)+3V2O3£¨s£©=5Al2O3(s)+6V(s) ¡÷H=-2421.5kJ/mol V2O5+6OH-=2VO43-+3H2O V2O5+6HCl=2VOCl2+Cl2¡ü+3H2O 2VO43-+H2OV2O74-+2OH- Ôö´ó 0.4 VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O ÈÜÒºÓÉÂÌÉ«±äΪ×ÏÉ«
¡¾½âÎö¡¿£¨1£©¢Ù4Al(s)+3O2(g)=2Al2O3(s) ¡÷H1=-2834kJ/mol
¢Ú4V(s)+5O2(g)=2V2O5(s) ¡÷H2=-3109kJ/mol
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉÓÉ¢Ù¡Á2.5-¢Ú¡Á1.5¿ÉµÃ·´Ó¦10Al(s)+3V2O3£¨s£©=5Al2O3(s)+6V(s) ¡÷H=2.5¡÷H1-1.5¡÷H2=2.5¡Á£¨-2834kJ/mol£©-1.5¡Á£¨-3109kJ/mol£©=-2421.5kJ/mol£»
(2) ¢Ù V2O5ÈÜÓÚNaOHÈÜÒºÉú³ÉVO43-£¬Æä·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºV2O5+6OH-=2VO43-+3H2O£»
¢ÚV2O5¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÈÜÓÚŨÑÎËὫÆäÑõ»¯²úÉúÂÈÆø£¬Í¬Ê±µÃµ½À¶É«ÈÜÒº£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºV2O5+6HCl=2VOCl2+Cl2¡ü+3H2O£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬ÔÚPH¡Ý13µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬ VO43-½áºÏË®µçÀë³öµÄÇâÀë×Óת»¯ÎªV2O74-£¬Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º2VO43-+H2OV2O74-+2OH-£»¢ÚÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)Ôö´ó£¬VO43-µÄƽºâת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£»¸ù¾ÝAµãÊý¾Ý£¬c(VO43-)=0.2mol/L£¬¸Ä±äµÄc(VO43-)=1.0mol/L-0.2mol/L=0.8mol/L£¬Ôòc(V2O74-)=¡Á0.8mol/L =0.4mol/L£¬c(H+)=5¡Á10-14 mol/L£¬c(OH-)=0.2mol/L£¬¸Ãת»¯·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýµÄÊýֵΪ£º ==0.4mol/L£»£¨4£©¢Ù·Åµç¹ý³ÌÖÐ×öΪԵç³ØµÄÕý¼«Aµç¼«VO2+µÃµç×Ó²úÉúVO2+£¬Æ䷴ӦʽΪ£ºVO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O£»¢Ú³äµç¹ý³ÌÖÐ×öΪµç½â³Ø£¬Òõ¼«Bµç¼«¸½½üV3+µÃµç×Óת»¯ÎªV2+£¬ÈÜÒºÓÉÂÌÉ«±äΪ×ÏÉ«¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÏÂÁи÷×éÎïÖÊÖ®¼ä²»¿ÉÄÜʵÏÖÈçͼËùʾת»¯µÄÊÇ£¨ £©
Ñ¡Ïî | X | Y | Z | M |
A | S | SO2 | SO3 | O2 |
B | HNO3 | Fe(NO3)3 | Fe(NO3)2 | Fe |
C | NaOH | Na2CO3 | Na2CO3 | CO2 |
D | HN3 | NO | NO2 | O2 |
A. A B. B C. C D. D