ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¹¤ÒµÉú²ú´¿¼îµÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏ£º
Íê³ÉÏÂÁÐÌî¿Õ£º
£¨1£©´ÖÑÎË®£¨º¬ÔÓÖÊÀë×ÓMg2+¡¢Ca2+£©£¬¼ÓÈë³Áµí¼ÁA¡¢B³ýÔÓÖÊ(AÀ´Ô´ÓÚʯ»ÒÒ¤³§£©£¬Ôò³Áµí¼ÁB µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª ¡£
£¨2£©ÊµÑéÊÒÄ£ÄâÓÉÂËÒºÖƱ¸ÂËÔüµÄ×°ÖÃÈçÏ£º
¢Ùͼ1ÖÐ×°ÖúÍͼ2ÖÐ×°ÖõÄÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Îªa½Ó £¬b½Ó £¬f½Óc¡£
¢Úͼ2ÖÐÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿ÄÚ·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
¢ÛʵÑéÖÐÒªÇóͨÈëµÄNH3¹ýÁ¿Ö®ºóÔÙͨÈëCO2ÆøÌ壬¼ìÑéͨÈëµÄNH3ÒѹýÁ¿µÄʵÑé²Ù×÷ÊÇ ¡£
£¨3£©²Ù×÷¢ÝìÑÉÕºóµÄ´¿¼îÖк¬ÓÐδ·Ö½âµÄ̼ËáÇâÄÆ¡£Ä³Í¬Ñ§³ÆÈ¡¸Ã´¿¼îÑùÆ·m g£¬ÔÙ³ä·Ö¼ÓÈÈÖÁÖÊÁ¿²»Ôٱ仯ʱ³ÆµÃÊ£Óà¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªn g£¬Ôò´¿¼îÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ ¡£
£¨4£©ÏÖÓÐ25¡æÏ£¬0.1mol/LNH3¡¤H2OÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol/LNH4ClÈÜÒº£¬½«Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ²âµÃÈÜÒºµÄpH=9£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ £¨Ìî´úºÅ£©¡£
a£®0.1mol/L NH4ClÈÜÒºÓë»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖе¼µçÁ£×ÓµÄÖÖÀàºÍÊýÄ¿¾ùÏàͬ
b£®»ìºÏºóµÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬c(NH3¡¤H2O)£¾c(Cl-)£¾c(NH4+)£¾c(OH-)£¾c(H+)
c£®ÓÉÌâÒâ¿ÉÖª£¬NH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚͬŨ¶ÈµÄNH4ClµÄË®½â³Ì¶È
d£®»ìºÏÇ°Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÄpHÖ®ºÍ´óÓÚ14
Íê³ÉÏÂÁÐÌî¿Õ£º
£¨1£©´ÖÑÎË®£¨º¬ÔÓÖÊÀë×ÓMg2+¡¢Ca2+£©£¬¼ÓÈë³Áµí¼ÁA¡¢B³ýÔÓÖÊ(AÀ´Ô´ÓÚʯ»ÒÒ¤³§£©£¬Ôò³Áµí¼ÁB µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª ¡£
£¨2£©ÊµÑéÊÒÄ£ÄâÓÉÂËÒºÖƱ¸ÂËÔüµÄ×°ÖÃÈçÏ£º
¢Ùͼ1ÖÐ×°ÖúÍͼ2ÖÐ×°ÖõÄÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Îªa½Ó £¬b½Ó £¬f½Óc¡£
¢Úͼ2ÖÐÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿ÄÚ·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£
¢ÛʵÑéÖÐÒªÇóͨÈëµÄNH3¹ýÁ¿Ö®ºóÔÙͨÈëCO2ÆøÌ壬¼ìÑéͨÈëµÄNH3ÒѹýÁ¿µÄʵÑé²Ù×÷ÊÇ ¡£
£¨3£©²Ù×÷¢ÝìÑÉÕºóµÄ´¿¼îÖк¬ÓÐδ·Ö½âµÄ̼ËáÇâÄÆ¡£Ä³Í¬Ñ§³ÆÈ¡¸Ã´¿¼îÑùÆ·m g£¬ÔÙ³ä·Ö¼ÓÈÈÖÁÖÊÁ¿²»Ôٱ仯ʱ³ÆµÃÊ£Óà¹ÌÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªn g£¬Ôò´¿¼îÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ ¡£
£¨4£©ÏÖÓÐ25¡æÏ£¬0.1mol/LNH3¡¤H2OÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol/LNH4ClÈÜÒº£¬½«Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ²âµÃÈÜÒºµÄpH=9£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ £¨Ìî´úºÅ£©¡£
a£®0.1mol/L NH4ClÈÜÒºÓë»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖе¼µçÁ£×ÓµÄÖÖÀàºÍÊýÄ¿¾ùÏàͬ
b£®»ìºÏºóµÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬c(NH3¡¤H2O)£¾c(Cl-)£¾c(NH4+)£¾c(OH-)£¾c(H+)
c£®ÓÉÌâÒâ¿ÉÖª£¬NH3¡¤H2OµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚͬŨ¶ÈµÄNH4ClµÄË®½â³Ì¶È
d£®»ìºÏÇ°Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÄpHÖ®ºÍ´óÓÚ14
£¨14·Ö£©£¨1£©Na2CO3£¨2·Ö£©£¨2£©¢Ùd£¨2·Ö£©£¬e£¨2·Ö£©
¢Ú NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O£½NaHCO3¡ý+NH4Cl£¨2·Ö£©
¢ÛÓÃÕºÓÐŨÑÎËáµÄ²£Á§°ô¿¿½ü¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÓа×ÑÌÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿£»»òÓÃʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½¿¿½ø
¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿£¨ÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸¾ùµÃ·Ö£©£¨2·Ö£©
£¨3£©¡Á100%£¨ÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸¾ùµÃ·Ö£©£¨2·Ö£© £¨4£© c d£¨2·Ö£©
¢Ú NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O£½NaHCO3¡ý+NH4Cl£¨2·Ö£©
¢ÛÓÃÕºÓÐŨÑÎËáµÄ²£Á§°ô¿¿½ü¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÓа×ÑÌÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿£»»òÓÃʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½¿¿½ø
¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿£¨ÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸¾ùµÃ·Ö£©£¨2·Ö£©
£¨3£©¡Á100%£¨ÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸¾ùµÃ·Ö£©£¨2·Ö£© £¨4£© c d£¨2·Ö£©
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©ÔÓÖÊÀë×ÓMg2+¡¢Ca2+·Ö±ðÓÃOH£ºÍCO32£³ýÈ¥¡£ÓÉÓÚAÀ´Ô´ÓÚʯ»ÒÒ¤³§£¬ÔòAÊÇÉúʯ»Ò¡£ÓÉÓÚ²»ÄÜÒýÈëеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬ÔòBÓ¦¸ÃÊÇNa2CO3¡£
£¨2£©¢ÙA×°ÖÃÊÇÖƱ¸CO2£¬B×°ÖÃÊÇÖƱ¸°±ÆøµÄ¡£ÓÉÓÚ°±Æø¼«Ò×ÈÜÓÚË®£¬Ö±½ÓͨÈëÈÜÒºÖÐÈÝÒ×ÒýÆðµ¹Îü£¬ËùÒÔÕýÈ·Á¬½ÓÓ¦¸ÃÊÇa½Ód£¬b½Óe£¬f½Óc¡£
¢Úͼ2ÖÐÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿ÄÚÊÇÖƱ¸Ì¼ËáÇâÄƵģ¬ËùÒÔ·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪNaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O£½NaHCO3¡ý+NH4Cl¡£
¢Û°±ÆøÊǼîÐÔÆøÌ壬ÄÜʹʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶£¬Ò²ÄܺÍÂÈ»¯Çâ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ï§¶øð°×ÑÌ£¬ËùÒÔ¼ìÑéͨÈëµÄNH3ÒѹýÁ¿µÄʵÑé²Ù×÷ÊÇÓÃÕºÓÐŨÑÎËáµÄ²£Á§°ô¿¿½ü¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÓа×ÑÌÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿£»»òÓÃʪÈóµÄºìɫʯÈïÊÔÖ½¿¿½ø¹Ü¿Úf£¬ÈôÊÔÖ½±äÀ¶£¬ËµÃ÷°±Æø¹ýÁ¿¡£
£¨3£©Ì¼ËáÇâÄÆ·Ö½âµÄ·½³ÌʽÊÇ
2NaHCO3Na2CO3£«H2O£«CO2¡ü ¡÷m¡ý
2¡Á84g 106g 62g
g £¨m£n£©g
Ôò´¿¼îÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿ÊÇmg£g£½g
ËùÒÔ´¿¼îÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ¡Á100%
£¨4£©0.1mol/L NH4ClÈÜÒºÓë»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖе¼µçÁ£×ÓµÄÖÖÀàÏàͬ£¬µ«ÊýÄ¿²»Í¬£¬a²»ÕýÈ·£»25¡æÏ£¬0.1mol/LNH3¡¤H2OÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol/LNH4ClÈÜÒº£¬½«Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ²âµÃÈÜÒºµÄpH=9£¬ÈÜҺмîÐÔ£¬Õâ˵Ã÷°±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚNH4£«µÄË®½â³Ì¶È£¬Òò´Ë»ìºÏºóµÄÈÜÒºÖÐc(NH4+)£¾c(Cl-)£¾c(NH3¡¤H2O)£¾c(OH-)£¾c(H+)£¬b²»ÕýÈ·£¬cÕýÈ·£»0.1mol/LNH3?H2OÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔºÍ0.1mol/LNH4ClÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬NH4£«µÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈСÓÚ°±Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬»ìºÏÇ°Á½·ÝÈÜÒºµÄpHÖ®ºÍ´óÓÚ14£¬¹ÊdÕýÈ·£¬´ð°¸Ñ¡cd¡£
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿