ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊ ¢ÙCu ¢ÚҺ̬SO2 ¢Û´¿´×Ëá ¢ÜNaHCO3 ¢ÝBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº
I¡¢ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖʵÄÊÇ
¢ò¡¢£¨1£©NaHCO3ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ
£¨2£©Ð´³öHCO3-Ë®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐNa+¡¢HCO3-¡¢H2CO3¡¢CO32-¡¢OH- ÎåÖÖ΢Á£µÄŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ£º
£¨4£©³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬¿ÕÆøÖеÄCO2ÈÜÓÚË®£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH=5.60£¬c£¨H2CO3£©=1.5¡Á10-5 mol?L-1£®ÈôºöÂÔË®µÄµçÀë¼°H2CO3µÄµÚ¶þ¼¶µçÀ룬ÔòH2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
¢ó¡¢Ba£¨OH£©2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬ÏÖÓÐ25¡æ¡¢pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£®
£¨1£©¸ÃBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ
£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH-£©=
£¨3£©ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¨¼ÙÉè»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýµÈÓÚ»ìºÏÇ°Á½ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýºÍ£©£¬¸ÃÑÎËáÈÜÒºµÄpH=
¢ô¡¢´×ËáÊÇÒ»ÖÖÈõµç½âÖÊ£®Ä³Î¶ÈÏ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬Æ½ºâpHÖµËæÈÜÒºÌå»ý±ä»¯µÄÇúÏßÈçÓÒͼËùʾ£®Ôòͼ
I¡¢ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖʵÄÊÇ
¢Ú
¢Ú
£»£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©¢ò¡¢£¨1£©NaHCO3ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ
Ç¿
Ç¿
£¨Ìî¡°Ç¿¡±»ò¡°Èõ¡±£©µç½âÖÊ£»£¨2£©Ð´³öHCO3-Ë®½âµÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º
HCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-
HCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-
£»£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐNa+¡¢HCO3-¡¢H2CO3¡¢CO32-¡¢OH- ÎåÖÖ΢Á£µÄŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ£º
c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©
c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©
£®£¨4£©³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬¿ÕÆøÖеÄCO2ÈÜÓÚË®£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH=5.60£¬c£¨H2CO3£©=1.5¡Á10-5 mol?L-1£®ÈôºöÂÔË®µÄµçÀë¼°H2CO3µÄµÚ¶þ¼¶µçÀ룬ÔòH2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
4.17¡Á10-7£¨mol?L-1£©
4.17¡Á10-7£¨mol?L-1£©
£®£¨ÒÑÖª£º10-5.60=2.5¡Á10-6£©¢ó¡¢Ba£¨OH£©2ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬ÏÖÓÐ25¡æ¡¢pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£®
£¨1£©¸ÃBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ
0.05mol?L-1
0.05mol?L-1
£»£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH-£©=
10-13mol?L-1
10-13mol?L-1
£»£¨3£©ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¨¼ÙÉè»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýµÈÓÚ»ìºÏÇ°Á½ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýºÍ£©£¬¸ÃÑÎËáÈÜÒºµÄpH=
2
2
£®¢ô¡¢´×ËáÊÇÒ»ÖÖÈõµç½âÖÊ£®Ä³Î¶ÈÏ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬Æ½ºâpHÖµËæÈÜÒºÌå»ý±ä»¯µÄÇúÏßÈçÓÒͼËùʾ£®Ôòͼ
¢ò
¢ò
£¨Ìî¡°I¡±»ò¡°¢ò¡±£©Îª´×ËáÏ¡Ê͵ÄͼÏó£®·ÖÎö£ºI¡¢ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀïºÍÈÛÈÚ״̬϶¼²»µ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ò¡¢£¨1£©ÍêÈ«µçÀëµÄµç½âÖÊÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬Ç¿Ëᡢǿ¼îºÍ´ó¶àÊýÑÎÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£»
£¨2£©Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âÉú³É̼ËáºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬ËµÃ÷̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈµçÀëµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬ÄÆÀë×Ó²»Ë®½â£¬Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È½ÏÈõ£»
£¨4£©H2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
£»
¢ó¡¢£¨1£©Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÈÓÚÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄÒ»°ë£»
£¨2£©Ë®µçÀë³öc£¨OH-£©=
£»
£¨3£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬¼Ù¶¨Ìå»ý·Ö±ðΪ1L¡¢9L£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¬¼´»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH -£©=10-3mol/L£¬ÁîÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪamol/L£¬ÓÃa±íʾ³ö»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨OH -£©£¬Áз½³Ì¼ÆË㣻
¢ô¡¢ÑÎËáÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬´×ËáÏ¡ÊÍ´Ù½ø´×ËáµçÀë¼ÌÐø²úÉúÇâÀë×Ó£¬¹ÊÏ¡ÊÍÏàͬµÄ±¶Êý£¬´×ËáµÄpHÔö´óµÄ½ÏС£®
¢ò¡¢£¨1£©ÍêÈ«µçÀëµÄµç½âÖÊÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬Ç¿Ëᡢǿ¼îºÍ´ó¶àÊýÑÎÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£»
£¨2£©Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âÉú³É̼ËáºÍÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬ËµÃ÷̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈµçÀëµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬ÄÆÀë×Ó²»Ë®½â£¬Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È½ÏÈõ£»
£¨4£©H2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
c(H+)£®c(HCO3-) |
c(H2CO3) |
¢ó¡¢£¨1£©Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÈÓÚÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄÒ»°ë£»
£¨2£©Ë®µçÀë³öc£¨OH-£©=
KW |
c(OH-) |
£¨3£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬¼Ù¶¨Ìå»ý·Ö±ðΪ1L¡¢9L£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¬¼´»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH -£©=10-3mol/L£¬ÁîÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪamol/L£¬ÓÃa±íʾ³ö»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨OH -£©£¬Áз½³Ì¼ÆË㣻
¢ô¡¢ÑÎËáÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬´×ËáÏ¡ÊÍ´Ù½ø´×ËáµçÀë¼ÌÐø²úÉúÇâÀë×Ó£¬¹ÊÏ¡ÊÍÏàͬµÄ±¶Êý£¬´×ËáµÄpHÔö´óµÄ½ÏС£®
½â´ð£º½â£º¢ñ¡¢¢ÙCuÊǽðÊôµ¥ÖÊÄܵ¼µç£¬µ«µ¥Öʼ´²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÚҺ̬SO2Êǹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎï²»Äܵ¼µç£¬²»Êǵç½âÖÊ£¬ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢Û´¿´×ËáÈÜÓÚË®Äܵ¼µç£¬Êǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÜNaHCO3ÊÇÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÝBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÊÇ»ìºÏÎ¼´²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£®
¹ÊÑ¡£º¢Ú£»
¢ò¡¢£¨1£©NaHCO3ÊôÓÚÑΣ¬ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÍêÈ«µçÀ룬ÊôÓÚÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÇ¿£»
£¨2£©HCO3-Ë®½âÉú³É̼ËáÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ë®½âÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪHCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬ËµÃ÷HCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚÆäµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬¹Êc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©¡¢c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶È²»´óËùÒÔc£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©¡¢c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀ´Ô´ÓÚË®µÄµçÀëÓëHCO3-Ë®½â£¬¹Êc£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¬ËùÒÔc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£»
£¨4£©H2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
=
=4.17¡Á10-7£¨mol?L-1£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4.17¡Á10-7£¨mol?L-1£©£»
¢ó¡¢£¨1£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬¸ù¾ÝÇâÑõ¸ùÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc[Ba£¨OH£©2]=
c£¨OH-£©=0.5¡Á0.1mol/L=0.05mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.05mol/L£»
£¨2£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓʹÓÉË®µçÀë²úÉúµÄ£¬Ë®µçÀë²úÉúµÄc£¨H+£©µÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH -£©£¬¹ÊË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH -£©=c£¨H+£©=10-13mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10-13mol/L£»
£¨3£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬¼Ù¶¨Ìå»ý·Ö±ðΪ1L¡¢9L£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¬¼´»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH -£©=10-3mol/L£¬ÁîÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪamol/L£¬Ôò»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨OH -£©=1L¡Á0.1mol/L-9L¡Áamol/L=10-3mol/L¡Á£¨1L+9L£©£¬½âµÃa=0.01£¬ÔòÈÜÒºµÄpH=2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£»
¢ô¡¢ÑÎËáÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬´×ËáÏ¡ÊÍ´Ù½ø´×ËáµçÀë¼ÌÐø²úÉúÇâÀë×Ó£¬¹ÊÏ¡ÊÍÏàͬµÄ±¶Êý£¬´×ËáµÄPHÔö´óµÄ½ÏС£¬¹Êͼ¢òΪ´×ËáÏ¡Ê͵ÄͼÏó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢ò£®
¢ÚҺ̬SO2Êǹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎï²»Äܵ¼µç£¬²»Êǵç½âÖÊ£¬ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢Û´¿´×ËáÈÜÓÚË®Äܵ¼µç£¬Êǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÜNaHCO3ÊÇÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÝBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÊÇ»ìºÏÎ¼´²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£®
¹ÊÑ¡£º¢Ú£»
¢ò¡¢£¨1£©NaHCO3ÊôÓÚÑΣ¬ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÍêÈ«µçÀ룬ÊôÓÚÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÇ¿£»
£¨2£©HCO3-Ë®½âÉú³É̼ËáÓëÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Ë®½âÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪHCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHCO3-+H2O?H2CO3+OH-£»
£¨3£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol?L-1NaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH´óÓÚ8£¬c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬ËµÃ÷HCO3-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚÆäµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬¹Êc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©¡¢c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶È²»´óËùÒÔc£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©¡¢c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀ´Ô´ÓÚË®µÄµçÀëÓëHCO3-Ë®½â£¬¹Êc£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¬ËùÒÔc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H2CO3£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£»
£¨4£©H2CO3?HCO3-+H+µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK1=
c(H+)£®c(HCO3-) |
c(H2CO3) |
(10-5.6)2 |
1.5¡Á10-5 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4.17¡Á10-7£¨mol?L-1£©£»
¢ó¡¢£¨1£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬¸ù¾ÝÇâÑõ¸ùÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc[Ba£¨OH£©2]=
1 |
2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.05mol/L£»
£¨2£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓʹÓÉË®µçÀë²úÉúµÄ£¬Ë®µçÀë²úÉúµÄc£¨H+£©µÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH -£©£¬¹ÊË®µçÀë³öc£¨OH -£©=c£¨H+£©=10-13mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º10-13mol/L£»
£¨3£©pH=13µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH-£©=0.1mol/L£¬ÓëijŨ¶ÈÑÎËáÈÜÒº°´Ìå»ý±È£¨¼îÓëËáÖ®±È£©1£º9»ìºÏºó£¬¼Ù¶¨Ìå»ý·Ö±ðΪ1L¡¢9L£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH=11£¬¼´»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨OH -£©=10-3mol/L£¬ÁîÑÎËáµÄŨ¶ÈΪamol/L£¬Ôò»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨OH -£©=1L¡Á0.1mol/L-9L¡Áamol/L=10-3mol/L¡Á£¨1L+9L£©£¬½âµÃa=0.01£¬ÔòÈÜÒºµÄpH=2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£»
¢ô¡¢ÑÎËáÊÇÇ¿µç½âÖÊ£¬´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ£¬ÏàͬpHÖµµÄÑÎËáºÍ´×ËáÈÜÒº·Ö±ð¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬´×ËáÏ¡ÊÍ´Ù½ø´×ËáµçÀë¼ÌÐø²úÉúÇâÀë×Ó£¬¹ÊÏ¡ÊÍÏàͬµÄ±¶Êý£¬´×ËáµÄPHÔö´óµÄ½ÏС£¬¹Êͼ¢òΪ´×ËáÏ¡Ê͵ÄͼÏó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢ò£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éµç½âÖÊ¡¢ÈÜÒºPHµÄÓйؼÆËã¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½âÓëÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ´óС±È½Ï¡¢Èõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëµÈ£¬×ÛºÏÐԽϴó£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÊǶÔ֪ʶµÄ×ÛºÏÔËÓã¬ÐèҪѧÉú¾ßÓÐÔúʵµÄ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿