题目内容

【化学选修-有机化学基础】(15分)以烯烃为原料,合成某些高聚物的路线如下:

已知:   (或写成
⑴CH3CH=CHCH3的名称是____________。⑵X中含有的官能团是______________。
⑶A→B的化学方程式是_____________。⑷D→E的反应类型是_______________。
⑸甲为烃,F能与NaHCO3反应产生CO2
①下列有关说法正确的是_______________。
a.有机物Z能发生银镜反应        b.有机物Y与HOCH2CH2OH互为同系物
c.有机物Y的沸点比B低         d.有机物F能与己二胺缩聚成聚合物
②Y的同分异构体有多种,写出分子结构中含有酯基的所有同分异构体的种类数__   ___。
③Z→W的化学方程式是__________________。
⑹高聚物H的结构简式是_________________。

(1)2-丁烯;
(2)碳碳双键、氯原子;
(3)ClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl+2NaOH          CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2NaCl+2H2O;
(4)消去反应;
(5)①ad;②  4③+
(6)

解析试题分析:(1)根据烯烃的命名CH3CH=CHCH3的名称是2-丁烯;
(2)由E的产物的结构简式倒推出E为1,3-环己二烯,B为1,3-丁二烯,所以A为1,4-二卤代烃,A是X的加氢产物,所以X中存在碳碳双键、氯原子;
(3)A→B发生卤代烃的消去反应生成烯烃,化学方程式为
ClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl+2NaOH          CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2NaCl+2H2O;
(4)D中有2个溴原子,E为1,3-环己二烯,所以D到E发生消去反应;
(5)①1,4-二甲苯被酸性高锰酸钾氧化生成F是对苯二甲酸,a、A中的Cl原子在碳链的端位,所以水解得Y中存在-CH2OH结构, Y发生催化氧化生成Z中存在醛基,能发生银镜反应,正确;b、Y中含有2个羟基和1个碳碳双键,与HOCH2CH2OH不是同系物,错误;c、Y是含碳碳双键的醇类,B为烯烃,所以Y的沸点高,错误;d、有机物F是对苯二甲酸,能与己二胺缩聚成聚合物多肽或蛋白质,正确,答案选ad;
②Y中含有2个羟基和1个碳碳双键,所以Y的含有酯基的所有同分异构体共4种,分别是甲酸丙酯、甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯;
③由以上分析知Z是,根据W的加氢产物判断甲为,所以Z→W发生类似已知的反应,化学方程式是+
(6)H是对二苯甲酸与W的加氢产物发生缩聚反应的产物,所以H的结构简式为
考点:考查有机推断,有机物的命名,官能团的判断,反应类型的判断,化学方程式、结构简式的书写,同分异构体的判断

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相关题目

(15分)有机物A为芳香烃,质谱分析表明其相对分子质量为92,某课题小组以A为起始原料可以合成酯类香料H和高分子化合物I,其相关反应如下图所示:                                                       
已知以下信息:
①碳烯(:CH2)又称卡宾,它十分活跃,很容易用它的两个未成对电子插在烷烃分子的C-H键之间使碳链增长。
②通常在同一个碳原子连有两个羟基不稳定,易脱水形成羰基。
回答下列问题:

(1)A的化学名称为         
(2)由B生成C的化学方程式为                ,该反应类型为          。                                                              (3)G的结构简式为           
(4)请写出由F生成I的化学方程式                                             
(5)写出G到H的反应方程式                                       。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
(6)H的所有同分异构体中,满足下列条件的共有        种;
①含有苯环        ②苯环上只有一个取代基          ③属于酯类
其中核磁共振氢谱有五种不同化学环境的氢,且峰面积比为1:1:2:2:6的是           (写结构简式)。

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