ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨1£©Ò»ÖÖÐÂÐÍ﮵ç³ØÊǽ«»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªLi4Ti5O12µÄÎïÖÊ×÷Ϊµç³ØµÄÕý¼«²ÄÁÏ£¬ÔڷŵçµÄ¹ý³ÌÖбäΪ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªLi4Ti5O12µÄÎïÖÊ£®
¢ÙLi4Ti5O12ÖÐTiÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ £¬ï®µç³ØµÄÍ»³öÓŵãÊÇ £®
¢Ú¸Ã﮵ç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¶þ´Îµç³Ø£¬·ÅµçʱµÄ¸º¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª £¬³äµçʱµÄÑô¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª £®
£¨2£©ÓÃÑõ»¯»¹ÔµÎ¶¨·¨²â¶¨ÖƱ¸µÃµ½µÄTiO2ÊÔÑùÖеÄTiO2µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£ºÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬½«TiO2ÈܽⲢ»¹ÔΪTi3+£¬ÔÙÒÔKSCNÈÜÒº×÷Ϊָʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃNH4Fe£¨SO4£©2±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨Ti3+ÖÁÈ«²¿Éú³ÉTi4+£®
¢ÙTiCl4Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ £®
¢ÚµÎ¶¨ÖÕµãµÄÏÖÏóÊÇ £®
¢ÛµÎ¶¨·ÖÎöʱ£¬³ÆÈ¡TiO2ÊÔÑù0.2g£¬ÏûºÄ0.1mol?L-1 NH4Fe£¨SO4£©2èÝ×¼ÈÜÒº20ml£®ÔòTiO2µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ £®
¢ÜÈôÔڵζ¨Öյ㣬¶ÁÈ¡µÎ¶¨¹Ü¿Ì¶Èʱ£¬¸©ÊÓ±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄÒºÃ棬ʹÆä²â¶¨½á¹û £¨Ìî¡°Æ«´ó¡±¡¢¡°Æ«Ð¡¡±»ò¡°ÎÞÓ°Ï족£©o
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª£º
Ti£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©=TiCl4£¨l£©¡÷H=-804.2kJ?mol-1
2Na£¨s£©+Cl2£¨g£©=2NaCl£¨s£©¡÷H=-882.0kJ?mol-1
Na£¨s£©=Na£¨l£©¡÷H=+2.6kJ?mol-1
ÔòTiCl4£¨l£©+4Na£¨l£©=Ti£¨s£©+4NaCl£¨s£©µÄ¡÷H= KJ?mol-1£®
¢ÙLi4Ti5O12ÖÐTiÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ
¢Ú¸Ã﮵ç³ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¶þ´Îµç³Ø£¬·ÅµçʱµÄ¸º¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª
£¨2£©ÓÃÑõ»¯»¹ÔµÎ¶¨·¨²â¶¨ÖƱ¸µÃµ½µÄTiO2ÊÔÑùÖеÄTiO2µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£ºÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬½«TiO2ÈܽⲢ»¹ÔΪTi3+£¬ÔÙÒÔKSCNÈÜÒº×÷Ϊָʾ¼Á£¬ÓÃNH4Fe£¨SO4£©2±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨Ti3+ÖÁÈ«²¿Éú³ÉTi4+£®
¢ÙTiCl4Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
¢ÚµÎ¶¨ÖÕµãµÄÏÖÏóÊÇ
¢ÛµÎ¶¨·ÖÎöʱ£¬³ÆÈ¡TiO2ÊÔÑù0.2g£¬ÏûºÄ0.1mol?L-1 NH4Fe£¨SO4£©2èÝ×¼ÈÜÒº20ml£®ÔòTiO2µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ
¢ÜÈôÔڵζ¨Öյ㣬¶ÁÈ¡µÎ¶¨¹Ü¿Ì¶Èʱ£¬¸©ÊÓ±ê×¼ÈÜÒºµÄÒºÃ棬ʹÆä²â¶¨½á¹û
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª£º
Ti£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©=TiCl4£¨l£©¡÷H=-804.2kJ?mol-1
2Na£¨s£©+Cl2£¨g£©=2NaCl£¨s£©¡÷H=-882.0kJ?mol-1
Na£¨s£©=Na£¨l£©¡÷H=+2.6kJ?mol-1
ÔòTiCl4£¨l£©+4Na£¨l£©=Ti£¨s£©+4NaCl£¨s£©µÄ¡÷H=
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ý»¯ºÏÎïÖи÷ÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛµÄ´úÊýºÍΪ0È·¶¨TiÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û£¬ï®ÔªËصÄÏà¶ÔÔ×ÓÖÊÁ¿½ÏС£»
¢Ú·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«ÉÏï®Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬³äµçʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£»
£¨2£©¢ÙTiCl4ÊÇÇ¿ËáÈõ¼îÑΣ¬Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OºÍÏàÓ¦µÄË᣻
¢ÚÌúÀë×ÓÓöÁòÇ軯¼ØÈÜÒº±ä³ÉѪºìÉ«£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝתÒƵç×ÓÊýÏàµÈ¼ÆËã¶þÑõ»¯îѵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¹«Ê½½øÐмÆËã¼´¿É
¢Ü¸©ÊÓÒºÃ棬µ¼Ö¶ÁÊýƫС£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɽøÐмÆË㣮
¢Ú·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«ÉÏï®Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬³äµçʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£»
£¨2£©¢ÙTiCl4ÊÇÇ¿ËáÈõ¼îÑΣ¬Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OºÍÏàÓ¦µÄË᣻
¢ÚÌúÀë×ÓÓöÁòÇ軯¼ØÈÜÒº±ä³ÉѪºìÉ«£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝתÒƵç×ÓÊýÏàµÈ¼ÆËã¶þÑõ»¯îѵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý¹«Ê½½øÐмÆËã¼´¿É
¢Ü¸©ÊÓÒºÃ棬µ¼Ö¶ÁÊýƫС£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɽøÐмÆË㣮
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢Ù¸Ã»¯ºÏÎïÖУ¬OÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ-2¼Û£¬ï®ÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+1¼Û£¬¸ù¾Ý»¯ºÏÎïÖи÷ÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛµÄ´úÊýºÍΪ0Öª£¬TiÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û=2¡Á12-1¡Á4=
=+4£¬ï®ÔªËصÄÏà¶ÔÔ×ÓÖÊÁ¿½ÏС£¬ËùÒÔÏàͬÖÊÁ¿µÄ﮵ç³Ø£¬ÆäÌå»ýС£¬ÄÜÁ¿¸ß£¬Ð¯´ø·½±ã£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º+4£»Ìå»ýС¡¢±ÈÄÜÁ¿¸ß¡¢Ð¯´ø·½±ã£»
¢Ú·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«ÉÏï®Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºLi-e-=Li+£¬³äµçʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºLi7Ti5O12-3e-=Li4Ti5O12+3Li+£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºLi-e-=Li+£»Li7Ti5O12-3e-=Li4Ti5O12+3Li+£»
£¨2£©¢ÙTiCl4ÊÇÇ¿ËáÈõ¼îÑΣ¬Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OºÍÂÈ»¯Ç⣬ˮ½â·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºTiCl4+£¨x+2£©H2O=TiO2£®xH2O+4HCl£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºTiCl4+£¨x+2£©H2O=TiO2£®xH2O+4HCl£»
¢ÚÌúÀë×ÓÓöÁòÇ軯¼ØÈÜÒº±ä³ÉѪºìÉ«£¬Èç¹ûÌúÀë×Ó±»»¹ÔÉú³ÉÑÇÌúÀë×Ó£¬ÔòÈÜÒº»áÓÉÎÞÉ«±äΪºìÉ«£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈÜÒº±ä³ÉºìÉ«£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÖеÃʧµç×ÓÏàµÈµÃ¶þÕߵĹØϵʽ£¬TiO2----NH4Fe£¨SO4£©2£¬¶þÑõ»¯îѵÄÖÊÁ¿=
¡Á80g/mol=0.16g£¬ÆäÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý=
¡Á100%=80%£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º80%£»
¢Ü¸©ÊÓÒºÃ棬µ¼Ö¶ÁÊýƫС£¬Ê¹Æä²â¶¨½á¹ûƫС£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ«Ð¡£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÃ
Ti£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©=TiO4£¨l£©¡÷H=-804.2kJ?mol-1¢Ù
2Na£¨s£©+Cl2£¨g£©=2NaCl£¨s£©¡÷H=-882.0kJ?mol-1 ¢Ú
Na£¨s£©=Na£¨l£©¡÷H=+2.6kJ?mol-1 ¢Û
½«·½³Ìʽ2¢Ú-¢Ù-4¢ÛµÃTiCl4£¨l£©+4Na£¨l£©=Ti£¨s£©+4NaCl£¨s£©£¬¡÷H=2£¨-882.0kJ?mol-1£©-4£¨+2.6kJ?mol-1£©-£¨-804.2kJ?mol-1£©=-970.2kJ?mol-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º-970.2£®
2¡Á12-1¡Á4 |
5 |
¢Ú·Åµçʱ£¬¸º¼«ÉÏï®Ê§µç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºLi-e-=Li+£¬³äµçʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÉÏʧµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºLi7Ti5O12-3e-=Li4Ti5O12+3Li+£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºLi-e-=Li+£»Li7Ti5O12-3e-=Li4Ti5O12+3Li+£»
£¨2£©¢ÙTiCl4ÊÇÇ¿ËáÈõ¼îÑΣ¬Ë®½âÉú³ÉTiO2?xH2OºÍÂÈ»¯Ç⣬ˮ½â·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºTiCl4+£¨x+2£©H2O=TiO2£®xH2O+4HCl£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºTiCl4+£¨x+2£©H2O=TiO2£®xH2O+4HCl£»
¢ÚÌúÀë×ÓÓöÁòÇ軯¼ØÈÜÒº±ä³ÉѪºìÉ«£¬Èç¹ûÌúÀë×Ó±»»¹ÔÉú³ÉÑÇÌúÀë×Ó£¬ÔòÈÜÒº»áÓÉÎÞÉ«±äΪºìÉ«£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈÜÒº±ä³ÉºìÉ«£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÖеÃʧµç×ÓÏàµÈµÃ¶þÕߵĹØϵʽ£¬TiO2----NH4Fe£¨SO4£©2£¬¶þÑõ»¯îѵÄÖÊÁ¿=
0.1mol/L¡Á0.02L¡Á1 |
1 |
0.16g |
0.2g |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º80%£»
¢Ü¸©ÊÓÒºÃ棬µ¼Ö¶ÁÊýƫС£¬Ê¹Æä²â¶¨½á¹ûƫС£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ«Ð¡£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÃ
Ti£¨s£©+2Cl2£¨g£©=TiO4£¨l£©¡÷H=-804.2kJ?mol-1¢Ù
2Na£¨s£©+Cl2£¨g£©=2NaCl£¨s£©¡÷H=-882.0kJ?mol-1 ¢Ú
Na£¨s£©=Na£¨l£©¡÷H=+2.6kJ?mol-1 ¢Û
½«·½³Ìʽ2¢Ú-¢Ù-4¢ÛµÃTiCl4£¨l£©+4Na£¨l£©=Ti£¨s£©+4NaCl£¨s£©£¬¡÷H=2£¨-882.0kJ?mol-1£©-4£¨+2.6kJ?mol-1£©-£¨-804.2kJ?mol-1£©=-970.2kJ?mol-1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º-970.2£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÉæ¼°Ôµç³ØÔÀí¡¢Àë×ӵļìÑé¡¢¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɵÈ֪ʶµã£¬Ã÷È·¸Ç˹¶¨Âɵĺ¬Òå¡¢Ôµç³ØºÍµç½â³ØÔÀí¼´¿É½â´ð£¬×¢ÒâµÎ¶¨¹Ü¶ÁÊýÓëÁ¿Í²¶ÁÊýµÄÇø±ð£¬ÎªÒ×´íµã£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿