ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
20£®ÓÉÓÚÂÁÖÊÕô·¢Æ÷ºÍÀäÄýÆ÷Ò×Ñõ»¯£¬Ó°ÏìÁË¿Õµ÷Æ÷µÄÊÙÃü£®ÍÂÁºÏ½ðÕô·¢Æ÷ºÍÀäÄýÆ÷µÄ³É¹¦¿ª·¢½â¾öÁË¿Õµ÷ÐÐÒµµÄÕâÒ»ÄÑÌ⣬²¢Òò´Ë±»ÊÀ½ç¿Õµ÷ÐÐÒµµÄר¼Ò³ÆΪ21ÊÀ¼Í¿Õµ÷ÐÐÒµ¸ïÃüÐԵĴ´Ð£®£¨1£©ÎªÁ˲ⶨÍÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¬½«3.0gºÏ½ð·ÅÈ뺬ÂÈ»¯Çâ0.6molµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖгä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬·Å³ö3.36L£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©ÇâÆø£®ÊÔÇó´ËÍÂÁºÏ½ðÖÐÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
£¨2£©½«¹ýÂ˳ýȥͺóµÄÂËҺϡÊ͵½200mL£¬ÇóÏ¡ÊÍÒºÖÐAl3+µÄŨ¶ÈΪ¶àÉÙmol¨ML£¿
£¨3£©´ÓÏ¡ÊͺóµÄÈÜÒºÖÐÈ¡³ö20mL£¬¼ÓÈë0.3mol/LµÄ°±Ë®£¬Èôʹȡ³öµÄ20mLÈÜÒºÖеÄAl3+ÍêÈ«³Áµí£¬ÖÁÉÙÐèÒª°±Ë®¶àÉÙºÁÉý£¿
·ÖÎö £¨1£©·¢Éú·´Ó¦£º2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2¡ü£¬n£¨H2£©=$\frac{3.36L}{22.4L/mol}$=0.15mol£¬ÓÉ·½³Ìʽ¿ÉÖªÏûºÄHClΪ0.3mol£¬Ð¡ÓÚ0.6mol£¬¹ÊAlÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬¸ù¾Ý·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËãAlµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾Ým=nM¼ÆËãAlµÄÖÊÁ¿£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËãºÏ½ðÖÐÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ýc=$\frac{n}{V}$¼ÆËãÏ¡ÊÍÒºÖÐAl3+µÄŨ¶È£»
£¨3£©Çó³ö20mLÈÜÒºÖÐAl3+¡¢H+ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝH++NH3=NH4+¡¢Al3++3NH3£®H2O=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3NH4+¼ÆËãÐèÒª°±Ë®Ìå»ý£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©·¢Éú·´Ó¦£º2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2¡ü£¬n£¨H2£©=$\frac{3.36L}{22.4L/mol}$=0.15mol£¬ÓÉ·½³Ìʽ¿ÉÖªÏûºÄHClΪ0.3mol£¬Ð¡ÓÚ0.6mol£¬¹ÊAlÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬n£¨Al£©=$\frac{2}{3}$n£¨H2£©=0.1mol£¬m£¨Al£©=27g/mol¡Á0.1mol=2.7g£¬¹ÊÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý=$\frac{2.7g}{3g}$¡Á100%=90%£¬
´ð£ºÂÁµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ90%£»
£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨Al3+£©=n£¨Al£©=0.1mol£¬Ôòc£¨Al3+£©=$\frac{0.1mol}{0.2L}$=0.5mol/L£¬
´ð£ºÏ¡ÊÍÒºÖÐAl3+µÄŨ¶ÈΪ0.5mol¨ML£»
£¨3£©20mLÈÜÒºÖÐAl3+Ϊ0.02L¡Á0.5mol/L=0.01mol£¬H+Ϊ£¨0.6mol-0.3mol£©¡Á$\frac{20}{200}$=0.03mol£¬ÓÉH++NH3=NH4+¡¢Al3++3NH3£®H2O=Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3NH4+¿ÉÖª£¬ÐèÒªNH3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.01mol¡Á3+0.03mol=0.06mol£¬¹ÊÐèÒª°±Ë®Ìå»ýΪ$\frac{0.06mol}{0.3mol/L}$=0.2L=200mL£¬
´ð£ºÖÁÉÙÐèÒª°±Ë®200ºÁÉý£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÓйؼÆË㣬ÄѶȲ»´ó£¬£¨3£©ÎªÒ×´íµã£¬Ñ§ÉúÈÝÒ׺öÂÔÊ£ÓàµÄHCl£®
A£® | ¼×ÉÕ±ÖзÅÈëпµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈÒÒÉÕ±ÖзÅÈëпµÄÖÊÁ¿´ó | |
B£® | ¼×ÉÕ±ÖеÄËá¹ýÁ¿ | |
C£® | Á½ÉÕ±Öвμӷ´Ó¦µÄп²»µÈÁ¿ | |
D£® | ·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼ºóÒÒÉÕ±ÖеÄc£¨H+£©Ê¼Öձȼ×ÉÕ±ÖеÄc£¨H+£©Ð¡ |
A£® | ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿²»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ·´Ó¦Æ÷Ã󣬵«Êǵ±ÈÜÒºÅäÖÆÍêºó£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´´æ·ÅÅäÖƵÄÊÔ¼Á | |
B£® | ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿²»¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Èܽâ¹ÌÌ壬µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ï¡ÊÍŨÁòËáµÈŨÈÜÒº | |
C£® | ÅäÖÆ450 mLµÄÈÜҺʱ¿ÉÒÔÓÃ100mLºÍ50mL¹æ¸ñµÄÈÝÁ¿Æ¿·Ö¶à´Î½øÐÐÅäÖÆ | |
D£® | ¶¨Èݺó°¼ÒºÃæ×îµÍµãÓë¿Ì¶ÈÏßÏàÇС¢Ò¡ÔȺó·¢ÏÖ°¼ÒºÃæ×îµÍµã±È¿Ì¶ÈÏßÒªµÍ£¬ÎÞÐè×öÈκδ¦Àí |
¢ÙÌìƽ¢ÚÁ¿Í²¢ÛÉÕ±¢Ü½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¢ÝζȼƢÞÊԹܢ߾ƾ«µÆ¢à»·Ðβ£Á§½Á°è°ô£®
A£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ü¢Ý | B£® | ¢Ú¢Û¢Ü¢Ý¢à | C£® | ¢Ú¢Û¢Ü¢ß¢à | D£® | È«²¿ |
A£® | ÂÁƬºÍÏ¡ÁòËá·´Ó¦ | B£® | Ba£¨OH£©2•8H2OÓëNH4Cl·´Ó¦ | ||
C£® | ×ÆÈȵÄ̼Óë¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦ | D£® | ¼×ÍéÔÚÑõÆøÖÐȼÉÕ |
A£® | ¼Ó¾Û·´Ó¦Ò²¿ÉÄÜÓÐË®Éú³É | |
B£® | Ë®¡¢ÒÒ´¼¡¢ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÖж¼´æÔÚôÇ»ù | |
C£® | ÍõË®¡¢äåË®¡¢Ë®Òø¡¢Ë®¾§Öоùº¬ÓС°H2O¡± | |
D£® | ÔÚijЩÓлú·´Ó¦ÖУ¬Ë®¿ÉÄÜÊÇ·´Ó¦ÎïÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÉú³ÉÎï |