ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÒÑÖª¶þÔªËáH2XÒ×ÈÜÓÚË®
£¨1£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ïò0.1mol/LµÄËáʽÑÎNaHXµÄÈÜÒºÖеÎÈ뼸µÎ×ÏɫʯÈïÊÔÒº£¬ÈÜÒº±ä³ÉºìÉ«¡£
¢ÙÈô²âµÃ´ËÈÜÒºµÄpH=1£¬ÔòNaHXÈÜÓÚˮʱµÄµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ__________
¢ÚÈôNaHXÈÜÒºÖÐÄܼì²âµ½H2X·Ö×Ó£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐc(X2-)__________£¨Ìî>¡¢<»ò=£©c(H2X)£¬c(X2-)+c(HX-)+c(H2X)=__________mol/L
£¨2£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol/LNaHXÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÓÐNa+¡¢X2-¡¢HX-¡¢H+¡¢OH-£¬´æÔڵķÖ×ÓÖ»ÓÐH2O£¬ÇÒc(H+)=0.01mol/L
¢Ù¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐc(HX-)+c(X2-)=__________mol/L
¢Ú³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol/LH2XÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)________£¨Ìî>¡¢<»ò=£©0.11mol/L
£¨3£©ÈôNaHXÈÜÒºÖмì²â²»µ½H2X·Ö×Óµ«¿É¼ì²âµ½HX-£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)-c(OH-)________£¨Ìî>¡¢<»ò=£©c(X2-)£¬ÈôHX-µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýK=2.5¡Á10-6£¬Ôò0.4mol/LµÄNaHXÈÜÒºµÄpHԼΪ__________
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏÂÏò20mL 0.05mol/LijϡËáH2XÈÜÒºÖеÎÈë0.1mol/L°±Ë®£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öÀ´µÄÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈËæµÎÈ백ˮÌå»ý±ä»¯Èçͼ£¬ÏÂÁзÖÎöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ________£¨Ìî×Öĸ´úºÅ£©
A.NaHXÈÜÒº¿ÉÄÜΪËáÐÔ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜΪ¼îÐÔ
B.A¡¢B¡¢CÈýµãÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇÖð½¥¼õС£¬D¡¢E¡¢FÈýµãÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇÖð½¥Ôö´ó
C.EµãÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹Øϵ£ºc(NH4+)>c(X2-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)
D.FµãÈÜÒº£ºc(NH4+)=2c(X2-)
£¨5£©ÒÑ֪ij»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ4molNa2X¡¢2molNa2CO3ºÍ1molNaHCO3¡£ÍùÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈë4molCO2ÆøÌ壬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºóÆøÌåÈ«²¿±»ÎüÊÕ£¬·´Ó¦ºóNa2CO3ºÍNaHCO3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ________£¬________£¨²»¿¼ÂÇÈõËá¸ùÀë×ӵĵçÀë¼°Ë®½â£©
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿NaHX = H+ + X2- + Na+ > 0.1 0.1 < = 3 D 0mol 7mol
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
£¨1£©Èô²âµÃ´ËÈÜÒºµÄpH=1£¬ÔòÑÎNaHXÈÜÓÚˮʱµçÀë³öÄÆÀë×Ó¡¢Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓºÍÇâÀë×Ó£»ÈôNaHXÈÜÒºÖÐÄܼì²âµ½H2X·Ö×Ó,Ôò˵Ã÷HX-¿ÉÒÔË®½â£»
£¨2£©ÈÜÒº²»´æÔÚH2X£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغã·ÖÎö£»ÓÉÓÚÈÜÒº²»´æÔÚH2X£¬ËµÃ÷H2XµÄµÚÒ»²½µçÀëÊÇÍêÈ«µçÀ룬µÚ¶þ²½²¿·ÖµçÀ룬µÚÒ»²½µçÀëÖÐH+¶ÔµÚ¶þ²½µÄµçÀë²úÉúÁËÒÖÖÆ£»
£¨3£©NaHXÈÜÒºÖмì²â²»µ½H2X·Ö×Ó£¬µ«Äܼì²âµ½HX-£¬ËµÃ÷HX-Ö»µçÀ벻ˮ½â¶øʹÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬ÓɵçºÉÊغã¼ÆË㣬ÔÙÓɵçÀë³£Êý¼ÆËãÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»
£¨4£©ÓÉAµãË®µçÀë³öÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-13mol/L¿ÉÖªAµãÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈΪ10-13mol/L£¬½áºÏc£¨H+£©=¼ÆËãËáÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©£»Ëæ×Å°±Ë®µÄ¼ÓÈ룬ÈÜÒºµÄËáÐÔ¼õÈõ¡¢¼îÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHÔö´ó£»EÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬¸ù¾ÝÑεÄË®½âÔÀíÀ´±È½ÏÀë×ÓŨ¶È£»¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغã½áºÏÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ·ÖÎö½â´ð£»
£¨5£©Ä³»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ4mol Na2X¡¢2mol Na2CO3ºÍ1mol NaHCO3£¬Na2X¡¢NaHCO3Äܹ²´æ£¬ËµÃ÷HX-µÄËáÐÔÇ¿ÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬ÍùÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈë4mol CO2ÆøÌ壬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó£¬ÆøÌåÈ«²¿±»ÎüÊÕ£¬ËµÃ÷HX-µÄËáÐÔÈõÓÚ̼Ëᣬ¼´ÈÜÒºÖгýÁË·¢ÉúNa2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3£¬»¹·¢Éú·´Ó¦Na2X+CO2+H2O=NaHX+NaHCO3£¬¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ½øÐмÆËã¡£
£¨1£©¢ÙÈô²âµÃ´ËÈÜÒºµÄpH=1£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÑÎÈÜÓÚË®ÍêÈ«µçÀ룬Éú³ÉÄÆÀë×Ó¡¢Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓºÍÇâÀë×Ó£¬ËùÒÔÆäµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºNaHX=Na++H++X2-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaHX=Na++H++X2-£»
¢ÚÈôNaHXÈÜÒºÖÐÄܼì²âµ½H2X·Ö×Ó£¬ËµÃ÷ÊÇH2XÊÇÈõËᣬHX-¿ÉÒÔ²¿·ÖË®½âÉú³ÉH2X£¬¶øNaHXÍêÈ«µçÀëÉú³ÉNa+¡¢H+¡¢X2-£¬ËùÒÔc(X2-) >c(H2X)£»¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغ㣬c(X2-)+c(HX-)+c(H2X)=0.1mol/L£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNaHX = H+ + X2- + Na+£» >£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÈÜÒº²»´æÔÚH2X£¬ÓÉÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉÖª£¬0.1molL-1NaXBÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨HX-£©+c£¨X2-£©=0.1mol/L£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.1£»
¢ÚÓÉÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐÖ»´æÔڵķÖ×ÓΪH2O£¬ËµÃ÷H2XΪÖÐÇ¿ËᣬµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪH2X=H++HX-©pHX-H++X2-£»ÓÉÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉÖªc£¨HX-£©+c£¨X2-£©=c£¨Na+£©=0.1mol/L£»0.1molL-1NaHXÈÜÒºc£¨H+£©=0.01molL-1£¬ÔòÓÐHX-µÄµçÀë¶ÈÊÇ10%£¬H2XµÄµÚÒ»²½µçÀëΪÍêÈ«µçÀ룬µÚ¶þ²½Îª²¿·ÖµçÀ룬ÇÒµÚÒ»²½µçÀëÖÐH+¶ÔµÚ¶þ²½µÄµçÀë²úÉúÁËÒÖÖÆ£¬¹ÊH2XÈÜÒºc£¨H+£©£¼0.11molL-1£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©NaHXÈÜÒºÖмì²â²»µ½H2X·Ö×Ó£¬µ«Äܼì²âµ½HX-£¬ËµÃ÷HX-Ö»µçÀ벻ˮ½â£¬ÈÜÒºÖеçºÉÊغãµÈʽΪ£ºc(H+)+c(Na+)=c(OH-)+ c(HX-)+2c(X2-)£¬ÎïÁÏÊغãµÈʽΪ£ºc(Na+)= c(HX-)+c(X2-)£¬Á½Õߺϲ¢µÃµ½µÈʽ£ºc(H+)= c(OH-)+c(X2-)£¬Ôòc(H+)-c(OH-) =c(X2-)£»HX-µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýK===2.5¡Á10-6£¬¼ÆËã³öc(H+)10-3 mol/L£¬pHԼΪ3£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º=£»3£»
£¨4£©A¡¢ËáÈÜÒºÖÐË®µçÀë³öÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶Èc£¨H+£©µÈÓÚÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶Èc£¨OH-£©£¬¼´c£¨OH-£©¨T10-13mol/L£¬ÔòËáÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨H+£©==mol/L=0.1mol=2¡Á0.05molL-1£¬ËùÒÔËáH2XΪ¶þԪǿËᣬ¼´NaHXÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B¡¢Ëæ×Å°±Ë®µÄ¼ÓÈ룬ÈÜÒºµÄËáÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpHÔö´ó£¬ËùÒÔA¡¢B¡¢CÈýµãÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇÖð½¥Ôö´óµÄ£¬DµãÇ¡ºÃ·´Ó¦ÍêÈ«£¬Ëæ×Å°±Ë®µÄ¼ÓÈ룬ÈÜÒºµÄ¼îÐÔÖð½¥ÔöÇ¿£¬D¡¢E¡¢FÈýµãÈÜÒºµÄpHÊÇÖð½¥Ôö´ó£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C¡¢EÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬ÁòËá狀Ͱ±Ë®µÄ»ìºÏÎµÃµ½µÄÈÜÒºÖÐ笠ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶È½ÏÇ¿£¬ËùÒÔc£¨NH4+£©£¾c£¨X2-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D¡¢¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغ㣺c£¨H+£©+c£¨NH4+£©¨T2c£¨X2-£©+c£¨OH-£©£¬¶øÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔc£¨OH-£©¨Tc£¨H+£©£¬ËùÒÔc£¨NH4+£©¨T2c£¨X2-£©£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·¡£
´ð°¸Ñ¡D¡£
£¨5£©Ä³»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ4mol Na2X¡¢2mol Na2CO3ºÍ1mol NaHCO3£¬Na2X¡¢NaHCO3Äܹ²´æ£¬ËµÃ÷HX-µÄËáÐÔÇ¿ÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬ÍùÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈë4mol CO2ÆøÌ壬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó£¬ÆøÌåÈ«²¿±»ÎüÊÕ£¬ËµÃ÷HX-µÄËáÐÔÈõÓÚ̼Ëᣬ¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3£¬¿ÉÖª2mol Na2CO3ÄÜÉú³É4molNaHCO3ͬʱÏûºÄ¶þÑõ̼2molCO2£¬»¹ÓÐ2molCO2·¢Éú·´Ó¦Na2X+CO2+H2O=NaHX+NaHCO3£¬Éú³É2molNaHCO3£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐûÓÐNa2CO3£¬NaHCO3Ϊ7 mol£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0mol£»7mol¡£