题目内容
【题目】阅读下面两首诗，完成后面的题目。
送客归京
【唐】白居易
水陆四千里，何时归到秦。
舟辞三峡雨，马入九衢①尘。
有酒留行客，无书寄贵人。
唯凭远传语，好在曲江②春。
东城送客马上
【宋】贺铸
向午孤烟起客樯，一陂春水两鸳鸯。
渔童解唱沧浪曲③，应笑尘埃马上郎。
【注】 ①九衢：纵横交错的大道；繁华的街市。②曲江：唐长安城曲江池，为游赏胜地。每逢科考放榜，皇帝常于此召集上榜举子举行宴会，饮酒赋诗。③沧浪曲：《沧浪歌》载“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯我缨；沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯我足”，即盛世施展才华，乱世独善其身。
(1)白诗颈联运用了什么艺术手法？请简要分析。
答：________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)两首诗都写了“送客”，分别表达了诗人什么样的情感？
答：________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】(1)运用了对比、反衬的艺术手法。“有”与“无”形成强烈对比，“有”是为了反衬“无”。这样写，将诗人的内心情感突出地表现了出来。
(2)①白诗既有对友人归京的担忧、欣羡之情，又有对自己得到君王重用的渴望、期待之情，还有对友人寄予的向君王传话的厚望。②贺诗表达了诗人对山水风光的热爱，对功名利禄的淡泊，欲归隐田园而不得的无奈、苦恼之情。
【解析】 白诗首联叙写朋友归京，千里迢迢，不知何时才能回到长安。诗人对友人行路的担忧与二人深厚的情谊跃然纸上。颔联以轻快的笔调，想象朋友在烟雨朦胧的三峡渡口登舟而去，抵达京城后快马扬鞭、意气风发穿行于繁华街市的情形，流露出欣羡之意。颈联运用对比、反衬手法，写诗人想到自己依旧羁旅在外，虽有美酒为朋友饯行，却没有书信寄给君王，不禁黯然神伤。尾联中，诗人对朋友寄予厚望，希望朋友归京后替他向君王传话，请君王回忆当年科考放榜时君臣一起在曲江池宴饮欢谈的美好情景。贺诗前两句写晌午时分，孤烟袅袅，朋友乘船从城东离开，诗人远远望见一池春水中双宿双栖的鸳鸯，心中生发出对自然美景的无限热爱。后两句写渔童如果懂得《沧浪歌》中寄寓的“盛世施展才华，乱世独善其身”的道理，就会嘲笑汲汲于功名利禄的自己，诗人以此抒发自己被功名利禄束缚，欲归隐而不得的无奈、苦恼之情。
【题目】
A lecturer was giving a lecture to his students on stress management. He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, ‘How heavy do you think this glass of water is?’
All of the students tried to answer the question, and their answers ranged from 20g to 5OOg.
‘It does not matter on the absolute weight. It depends on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour,l will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call an ambulance. It is exactly the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.’
‘If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will not be able to carry on, because the burden is becoming increasingly heavier.’
‘What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it again.’
We have to put down the burden periodically（定期地；周期性地），so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on. Otherwise I think that we will break down on the half way and can’t realize our dream as we planned.All of us should really keep this in mind.
Before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Don’t carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow.
Whatever burden you are having now on your shoulders, let it down for a moment if you can. If you do like this, you can greatly improve your work efficiency（效率） and life quality.
Life is short; let’s enjoy it to the fullest.
根据短文内容完成表格，一空一词。
Title | How to relax ourselves |
Theme | Put down the burden to get【1】 _______. |
The lecturer’s question | How heavy is the glass of water? The question was raised on 【2】 _______ stress. |
The students’ answer | The students gave answers from 20g to 500g． |
The lecturer’s explanations | The weight of the glass of water 【3】 _______ on the time of holding it. The longer you hold it, the heavier it will become. Hold it for a minute, and you will feel 【4】 _______. If you hold it for an hour, your right arm will ache. An ambulance will have to be 【5】 _______ if you hold it for a day. If we carry the burden too long, we will be 【6】 _______ to carry on. |
The methods to relax | To relax, you must put the glass down. After a 【7】 ______ , hold the glass up again. Put down the burden 【8】 _______ to get refreshed to carry on. |
The writer’s 【9】 _______ | Put down the burden of work before you go home and pick it up tomorrow. Let down the burden on your【10】 _______to rest for a while. Enjoy your life. |