题目内容

【题目】【2016年高考浙江卷】阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题题。

琅嬛福地记

【明】张岱

晋太康中,张茂先为建安从事,游于洞山。缘溪深入,有老人枕书石上卧,茂先坐论说。视其所枕书,皆蝌蚪文,莫能辨,茂先异之。老人问茂先曰:君读书几何?茂先曰:华之未读者,二十年内书,二十年外书,则华固已读尽之矣。老人微笑,把茂先臂走石壁下,忽有门入,途径甚宽,至一精舍,藏书万卷。问老人曰:何书?曰:世史也。又至一室,藏书愈富。又问:何书?老人曰:万国志也。后至一密室,扃钥甚固,有二黑犬守之,上有署篆,曰福地。问老人曰:何地?曰:此玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹书、秘籍。指二犬曰:此痴龙也,守此二千年矣。开门茂先入,见所藏书,皆秦汉以前及海外诸国事,多未闻。如《三坟》《九丘》《连山》《归藏》《杌》《春秋》诸书,亦皆在焉。茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果饷之,鲜洁非人世所有。茂先为停信宿而出,谓老人曰:异日裹粮再访,纵观群书。老人笑不答,送茂先出。甫出,门石忽然自闭。茂先回视之,但见杂草藤萝,绕石而生,石上苔藓亦合,初无缝隙。茂先痴伫视,望石再拜去。

嬴氏焚书史,咸阳火正炽。此中有全书,并不遗只字。上溯书契前,结绳亦有记。鹞前视伏羲,已是其叔季。海外多名邦,九州一黑痣。读书三十,千万中一二。方知余见小,春秋问蛄蟪。石彭与凫毛,所见同儿稚。欲入问老人,路迷不得至。回首绝壁间,荒蔓惟薜荔。懊恨一出门,可望不可企。坐卧十年许,此中或开示。

【注】张茂先:名华,字茂先。西晋文学家。

【1】对下列句子中加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是(

A.开门茂先入 肃:恭敬的样子。

B.茂先为停信宿而出 信宿:两三天。

C.异日裹粮再访 裹粮:携带粮食。

D.读书三十 乘:车。

2下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法不相同的一组是(

A.茂先坐论说 B.二十年外书

而世又不能死节者比 望仆不相师

C.未闻 D.望石再拜

较秦之得与战胜而得者 毕礼归之

3下列对原文有关内容的概括与赏析,不正确的一项是

A.在张茂先的自矜面前,老人微笑;当张茂先提出裹粮再访的请求时,老人又笑而不答。两之下,老人宽容、神秘的形象呼之欲出。

B.本文借一个充满神异色彩的故事,揭示了山外有山、不可妄自尊大的道理;《桃花源记》则借虚构桃源仙境寄托社会理想:两文有异曲同工之妙。

C.本文叙事简练,描写细腻,结尾议及嬴氏焚书史,旨在批评秦王嬴政焚书坑儒,导致典籍损毁的行为,体现了叙议结合的特征。

D.张岱行文善于渲染,笔墨传神:说老人,则有枕书石上卧;写福地,则有痴龙守此二千年矣。结尾用韵文的形式点明主旨,发人深思。

4把文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。

(1)茂先爽然自失。老人乃出酒果饷之,鲜洁非人世所有。

2)方知余见小,春秋问蛄蟪。

5/给下面的文段断句。

进言者皆曰天下已安已治矣臣独以为未也曰安且治者非愚则谀皆非事实知治乱之体者也夫抱石厝之积薪之下而寝其上火未及燃因谓之安方今之势何以异此

(选自贾谊《治安策》)

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】(1)张茂先感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品给他吃,食物的鲜美洁净不是人间能拥有的。

(2)(经过此事)才知道我见识浅陋,就像夏生秋死(或春生夏死)的蝉不知道四季的转换。

5】进言者皆曰//天下已安已治矣/臣独以为未也/曰安且治者/非愚则谀/皆非事实知治乱之体者也/夫抱火厝之积薪之下而寝其上/火未及燃/因谓之安/方今之势//何以异此

【解析】

【1】本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的含义。A项,这里的虽有恭敬的意思,但不能译为的样子,而只能表示一种态度,应译为恭敬地(请别人)

名师点睛

答题时应根据语境,注意通假字、词类活用、古今异义、一词多义等。具体可用双代入法,即将各选项解释代入语句,看是否说得通,然后再将语句代入文中,看其同上下文语境是否吻合。要注意的是,只有两者都吻合,才是正确的。

【2】本题考查理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法。B项的,第一句做连词,相当于至于、如果是;第二句做动词,好像之意。A项的都做介词,相当于C项的都做助词,同后面的动词组成名词性字短语。D项的都做连词,连接两个动词或动词性短语。

【3】本题考查归纳内容要点、概括中心意思。C项,文章之所以议及秦始皇焚书之事,是为了说明洞中所藏之书保存得完整,没有只字遗漏,并没有批评秦王的意思。

名师点睛

考查时,本考点一般涉及以下几点:1.某个论点的依据;2.某种现象的内在本质;3.件事发生的原因,某事件发展所导致的结果;4.某个人的思想性格。设题陷阱一般有曲解句意”“无中生有”“颠倒是非”“张冠李戴等。

【4】本题考查理解并翻译文中的句子。第(1)句中的爽然茫然、怅惘之意; 饷之给他吃的意思。第(2)句中的 见小即见识浅陋;春秋问蛄蟪典出《庄子·逍遥游》,可联系作答。

5】本题考查主观型文言断句。文段中”“”“”“者也都是断句的标志性词语,其后可断开;动词的处所是其上,其后应断句;动词之后都既无宾语也无补语,后面应断句;方今之势何以异此的主语,主谓之间应断句。

【参考译文】

晋朝太康年间,张华担任建安从事,在洞山游览。顺着小溪进入深山,有一个老人枕着书躺在石板上,张华便同他谈论。看他头枕着的书,上面写的都是蝌蚪文,不能辨识,张华感到很诧异。老人问张华说:您读了多少书?张华说:我没有读过的书都是近二十年内的新书,如果是二十年以前的书,我早就全部读完了。老人微笑着,拉着张华的手臂走到石壁下,忽然出现一道门可以走进石壁,路径比较宽,到了一个精致的屋舍,里边装了一万卷书。张华问老人说:这是些什么书?老人说:这是世上的历史书。又到了一个房间,里面收藏的书籍更加丰富。张华又问:这里藏的什么书?老人回答:这是万国的历史书。后又到了一个密封的房间,门用坚固的锁锁着,有两只狗守在门前,门上印有大印,写着琅嬛福地四个字。张华问老人道:这是什么地方?老人说:这里藏有玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹书、秘籍。老人指着两只狗说:这就是痴龙,在这里守了两千年了。老人开门躬身揖请张华进屋,张华看见这里收藏的书,记录的全都是秦汉以前以及海外诸国的事,很多都闻所未闻。比如《三坟》《九丘》《连山》《归藏》《梼杌》《春秋》等书籍,也全都在这里。张华感到茫然、失落。老人于是拿出酒菜果品给他吃,食物鲜美洁净不是人间能拥有的。张华因此在这里停留了两三天才出来,对老人说:以后我带着粮食再来拜访,观看全部书籍。老人笑而不答,送张华出来。(张华)刚走出来,石门忽然自己关闭了。张华回头一看,只见杂草藤萝,缠绕着生长在石头上,石板上苔藓也是一整块,一点缝隙都没有。张华呆呆地注视着,朝着石板拜了两拜才离开。

秦始皇烧掉了诸子百家的书籍,咸阳城中烈火正熊熊燃烧。这里却有保存完整的书籍,连一个字都没遗漏。上溯到书契之前,连结绳记事之时也有记载。(唐太宗)怀揣一只鹞子,连看伏羲都变成了叔季。海外有很多有名的城郭,它们多如牛毛就像九州里的一颗黑痣。读书即使读了三十车,也只能是千万分之一二。(经过此事)才知道我见识浅陋,就像夏生秋死(或春生夏死)的蝉不知道四季的转换。石彭和凫毛,它们所见的就如同小孩一样。想进去问问老人,可是却迷了路不能到达。回头看悬崖绝壁之间,只有疯长的滕蔓和薜荔。我懊悔遗憾,刚一出门就已经是可望而不可即了。我坐着躺在这里十多年,也许这中间会开门。

练习册系列答案
相关题目

【题目】阅读理解

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项 (A 、B 、C D )中,选出最佳选项。

In 1841, a book was published which astonished the world. It was called “Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan”. The author John Loud Stephens had just returned from a long, difficult and dangerous journey through the thick rain forest of southern Mexico and Guatemala. He had once been there with Frederick Catherwood, an architect and artist, to search for the remains of a lost civilization known as the Mayas(玛雅). Very little was known about the Mayas at that time, but Catherwood's drawing in the book showed incredible cities with temples, pyramids and other buildings as impressive as those of their northern neighbors, the Aztecs. These cities, however, were deserted. The inhabitants(居民) had disappeared almost a thousand years before.

Since that time, far more has been learned about this remarkable civilization. The Mayas had a highly-developed system of government and of agriculture, as well as an incredibly accurate system of measuring time. They were also wonderful engineers capable of moving huge blocks stone long distances and cutting them to accurate shapes and sizes.

And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they never used it. Neither did they use metals other than copper. What is ever more surprising is that they suddenly abandoned many of their cities and built new ones in the jungle. Some time around AD 900, Mayan civilization collapsed(崩溃). By the year 1200, their last great capital, Itza, was deserted.

Who were these strange people and the even stranger gods they worshipped? What brought about their sudden and mysterious collapse? Some writers have tried to prove that the Mayas had contact with visitors from space and even that they themselves came from another planet. Some people believe that their civilization came to an end because the Mayas never developed a proper resistance to local germs and diseases. All we really know is that when the first Europeans appeared off their coast in 1517, this great and mysterious culture was only a memory.

【1】Stephen's book astonished the world because .

A. it was the first time people heard about Mayas

B. the Mayas were excellent builders and farmers

C. he had experienced so may difficulties to find this lost civilization

D. it described that the Mayas used to be an advanced civilization

【2】 One of the most surprising findings about Mayas was that .

A. they developed accurate system measuring time

B. they knew how to build pyramids with stones

C. they deserted their cities and moved to new ones

D. they built cities which they never lived in

【3】At last Mayas disappeared from the world most probably in .

A. a thousand years before 1841

B. around AD 900

C. any year between 1200 and 1517

D. 1200

【4】What brought about Mayan sudden collapse?

A. Tropical germs and diseases.

B. European conquest.

C. Mysterious force from outer space.

D. No one knows for sure.

【题目】Is this a car? Is it a smart phone? Is it a gaming machine?

Yes to all three. The Toyota Fun-Vii is a pleasure palace on wheels.

If Toyota has its way, paint jobs could become a thing of the past, because it has introduced an amazing car that can change its whole look in an instant.

The Vii in Fun-Vii, which stands for “Vehicle,Interactive, Internet It is a small three-seater car that looks like a smart phone, so it is called a smart phone on wheels.Inside and out, most aspects of the car can interact(互相作用) with the internet and be controlled by a smart phone.The magical car allows the owners to download pictures from their phones onto the outside, so that the look of the car could be changed instantly.The color inside could also be changed to reflect the owners mood.Just as the company president Akio Toyoda said, "A car must appeal to our emotions.If its not fun, its not a car."

Its outside and inside are not made of solid paint but touch screens that can display pictures and videos.A network update function downloads all the latest software to make sure the car is always up-to-date, and it can provide the latest entertainment as well as information about its surroundings to the driver.As you drive around, the thoughtful car allows you to communicate with your friends in the nearby cars.It also helps you find your way from one place to another. Its all because the car is networked with all the other cars on the road and drives itself. The smart car is a practical, family sized vehicle fuelled by hydrogen, and it is one of the futuristic concept cars under the theme of "fun to drive, again".It heralds (预示) a not-too-distant future where people, cars and society are linked.

【1】Which of the following may not be a key word for the concept car?

A.Fun.

B.Interactive.

C.High-speed.

D.Smart.

【2】According to the text, Toyota Fun-Vii is _____.

A.a new concept car not powered by gas

B.an amazing car without any pollution

C.the latest software from network

D.a gaming machine with high speed

【3】The owners of the Fun-Vii can reflect their mood by _____.

A.downloading images to change the outside

B.interacting with computers while driving

C.changing the color inside the car

D.changing the speed of the car

【4】What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A.The ways of driving the Fun-vii.

B.How can you find your way in the Fun-Vii.

C.The unusual look of the Fun-Vii.

D.The new functions of the Fun-Vii.

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网