题目内容

【题目】生物体细胞内的膜具有一定的选择透过性,即水分子可以自由通过,细胞要选择吸收的离子和小分子也可以通过,而其他粒子、小分子和大分子则不能通过。请根据以下所提供的条件,验证细胞内膜的选择透过性。

实验材料和用具:新鲜的红玫瑰 烧杯 玻璃铅笔 质量分数为15%的盐酸 清水 量筒

(1)红玫瑰的红色与细胞的哪一结构有关?__________________________。

(2)完善下列实验设计,验证活细胞的膜具有选择透过性

第一步:选两只相同的烧杯,用玻璃铅笔标上A和B

第二步:__________________________________________________________________,

第三步:__________________________________________________________________。

结果预测:___________________________________________________________。

原因分析:_______________________________________________________________。

(3)此实验主要能验证哪些膜的选择透过性?______________________________。

【答案】(1)液泡

(2)在A、B两只烧杯中,分别加入等量的15%的盐酸和清水

选等量的红色玫瑰花瓣,分别放入A、B两只烧杯中,经过一段时间后观察

水中的花瓣仍为红色,水为无色;盐酸中的花瓣颜色逐渐变浅,而盐酸溶液变红

盐酸将细胞杀死,膜丧失其选择性,而清水对细胞活性无伤害作用

(3)细胞膜和液泡膜

【解析】根据实验设计遵循的单一变量原则、对照原则等,围绕题意准确定位该实验是探究性实验还是验证性实验以及实验目的,据此找出实验变量(自变量、因变量、无关变量),进而完善实验步骤并得出相应的结论。

(1)红玫瑰的红色与液泡中含有的色素有关。(2)依题意可知:本实验的目的是验证活细胞的膜具有选择透过性,因此该实验的自变量是细胞是否有活性,因变量是细胞所处的水溶液是否变红,其它对实验结果有影响的因素均为无关变量,应控制相同且适宜。依据实验设计遵循的原则、已经给出的实验材料和用具以及不完整实验步骤可知:第二步,应在A、B两只烧杯中,分别加入等量的15%的盐酸和清水;第三步,选等量的红色玫瑰花瓣,分别放入A、B两只烧杯中,经过一段时间后观察。

结果预测:因该实验是验证性实验,其实验结论是已知的,所以预测的实验结果为:水(B烧杯)中的花瓣仍为红色,水为无色;盐酸(A烧杯)中的花瓣颜色逐渐变浅,而盐酸溶液变红。原因分析:盐酸对活细胞具有很强的伤害作用,将细胞杀死而使其细胞膜失去选择透过性,而清水对细胞活性没有伤害作用。(3)存在于液泡中的色素,若进入溶液中,需经过液泡膜和细胞膜,所以此实验主要能验证细胞膜和液泡膜的选择透过性。

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【题目】【2015·湖北卷】E

Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科). Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters. On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.

【1】The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.

A. illustrate where science can be applied

B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book

C. remind the reader of the importance of science

D. explain why many writers use science in their works

【2】According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

A. Its strong basis.

B. Its convincing points.

C. Its clear writing.

D. Its memorable characters.

【3】What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?

A. Contradictory.

B. Supportive.

C. Cautious.

D. Critical.

【4】What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

A. Problems with the book.

B. Brooks’s life experience.

C. Death of the characters.

D. Brooks’s translation skills.

【题目】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way ,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ _____ my job. Family to Feed.”

At this store, a ____ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a ______ on how bad it must be to have to stand _______ in the cold wind.

In the store, I asked each of my kids to _____ something they thought our “friend” there would ______. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _______. I thought about it. We were _____ on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes _____ from our need instead of our abundance is _____ what we need to do! All the kids ______ something they could do away with for the week.

When we handed him the bag of ____, he lit up and thanked us with _____ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ______his family might need, he burst into tears.

This has been a wonderful ___ _ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can _____! Things would have played out so ______ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ______ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in _____, it also gave my kids the ______ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.

【1】A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished

【2】A. condition B. place C. sight D. show

【3】A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call

【4】A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily

【5】A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick

【6】A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover

【7】A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card

【8】A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose

【9】A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging

【10】A. yet B. even C. still D. just

【11】A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected

【12】A. toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes

【13】A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp

【14】A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

【15】A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure

【16】A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help

【17】A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly

【18】A. time B. power C. patience D. money

【19】A. fear B. love C. need D. memory

【20】A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple

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