题目内容

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成10---13题。

贾耽,字敦诗,沧州南皮人。天宝中,举明经,补临清尉。河东节度使王思礼署为度支判官。累进汾州刺史,治凡七年,政有异绩。召授鸿胪卿,兼左右威远营使。俄为山南西道节度使。梁崇义反东道,耽进屯谷城,取均州。建中三年,徙东道。德宗在梁,耽使司马樊泽奏事。泽还,耽大置酒会诸将。俄有急诏至以泽代耽召为工部尚书耽纳诏于怀饮如故既罢召泽日诏以公见代吾且治行敕将吏谒泽大将张献甫日:天子播越,而行军以公命问行在,乃规旄钺,利公土地,可谓事人不忠矣。军中不平,请为公杀之。耽日:是何谓邪?朝廷有命,即为帅矣。吾今趋觐,得以君俱。乃行,军中遂安。

俄为东都留守。故事,居守不出城,以耽善射,优诏许猎近郊。迁义成节度使。淄青李纳虽削伪号,而阴蓄奸谋,冀有以逞。其兵数千自行营还,道出滑,或谓馆于外,耽日:与我邻道,奈何疑之,使暴于野?命馆城中,宴庑下,纳士皆心服。耽每畋,从数百骑,往往入纳境,纳大喜,然畏其德,不敢谋。

贞元九年,以尚书右仆射同中书门下平章事,俄封魏国公。常以方镇帅缺,当自天子命之,若谋之军中,则下有背向,人固不安。帝然之,不用也。顺宗立,进检校司空、左仆射。时王叔文等干政,耽病之,屡移疾乞骸骨,不许。卒,年七十六,赠太傅,谥日元靖。

耽嗜观书,老益勤,尤悉地理。四方之人与使夷狄者见之,必从询索风俗,故天下地土区产、山川夷山且,必究知之。其器恢然,盖长者也,不喜臧否人物。为相十三年,虽安危大事亡所发明,而检身厉行,自其所长。每归第,对宾客无少倦,家人近习,不见其喜愠。世谓淳德有常者。

(选自《新唐书·列传第九十一》)

【1】下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)

A.俄有急诏至/以泽代/耽召为工部尚书/耽纳诏/于怀饮如故/既罢召泽/日/诏以公见代吾/且治行/敕将吏谒泽/

B.俄有急诏/至以泽代耽/召为工部尚书/耽纳诏/于怀饮如故/既罢召泽/日/诏以公见代/吾且治行/敕将吏谒泽/

C.俄有急诏至/以泽代耽/召为工部尚书/耽纳诏于怀/饮如故/既罢/召泽日/诏以公见代/吾且治行/敕将吏谒泽/

D.俄有急诏/至以泽代/耽召为工部尚书/耽纳诏于怀/饮如故/既罢/召泽日/诏以公见代吾/且治行/敕将吏谒泽/

【2】下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.贞元,年号。年号是我国从汉朝初年开始使用的封建王朝用来纪年的一种名号,古代帝王凡遇到大事、要事,常常要更改年号。

B谥号是朝廷对死去的帝王、大臣、贵族(包括其它地位很高的人)、平民按其生平事迹进行评定后,给予或褒或贬或同情的称号。

C.明经,汉朝出现的选举官员的科目,始于汉武帝时期,至宋神宗时期废除。被推举者须明习经学,故以“明经”为名。

D.乞骸骨,乞求自己的尸骨能回到故乡安葬,指古代官吏因年老请求退职,回老家安度晚年。这是古代官员请求退休的婉说法。

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.贾耽胸怀宽广,维护大局。大将张献甫在樊泽将要取代贾耽为帅这件事上,心存不服。贾耽不为自己军权旁落而生气,反而对张献甫好言相劝,并带走了张献甫,保证了军队的安定。

B.贾耽诚心待人,处事有度。他不随意评价别人;而且在李纳士兵路过滑州时,没有采纳手下让他们住在城外的建议,而是摒弃疑虑在城中安排住宿并宴请了他们,李纳的士兵对他很信服。

C.贞元九年,升迁为检校司空、左仆射。当时王叔文等人干预朝政,贾耽生病,多次病乞求退职回乡,不被允许。死后,享年七十六岁,被赠予太傅这一职务,谥号叫元靖。

D.贾耽嗜爱读书,尤悉地理。年老之后,贾耽在读书方面更加勤勉;见到四面八方和出使外族的人,一定向他请教各地的风俗,以及物产、山川地理等知识。

【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)常以方镇帅缺,当自天子命之,若谋之军中,则下有背向人固不安。

(2)每归第,对宾客无少倦,家人近习,不见其喜愠。

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】C

【4】(1) 贾耽经常认为地方统帅缺少,应当让天子来任命,如果在军中谋求,那么下层士兵有反对有拥护,士兵一定不安。 (2) 贾耽每次回府,对待宾客没有一点厌烦,家人以及亲信的人,看不到他的喜怒。

【解析】

【1】

试题分析:急诏至的意思是紧急诏书来到,是一个完整意思,不可分割;以泽代耽的意思是让樊泽代替贾耽,结构对应,且含有人名,不可分割;见代的意思相当于,所以不能与划分在一起,据此排除ABD.答案为C。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成文后题目。

文化工业文化产业

张晓明

①“文化工业即用生产工业品的方式生产文化产品,以标准化抹杀个性化;文化产业则是中性的,说明了当前各个文化行业与市场经济日益紧密的联系。

文化产业已经成为国际组织和各国政府都使用的文化政策关键词。由于不同国家和地区有不同的发展目标,作为一个政策性用语的文化产业又衍生出各种不同的概念表述,如创意产业”“内容产业”“娱乐产业,甚至文化经济”“创意经济等。但是,如果把本轮全球化大潮中文化产业的发展看做一个历史性的现象,所有这些概念与上世纪中期法兰克福学派所批判的文化产业有一个本质的不同:前者应该被称为文化产业,后者可以称为文化工业

二者的区别首先可从英文的单复数上看出来:前者是复数——cultural industries,后者是单数——cultural industry。单数的文化产业起源于法兰克福学派对美国大众文化的批判,更确切地说应该被翻译为文化工业。很显然,单数的文化产业,即文化工业充分表现出法兰克福学派的批判倾向——用生产工业品的方式生产文化产品,以标准化抹杀个性化。而复数的文化产业则是中性的,与文化行业同义,扬弃了法兰克福学派的批判意味,仅仅是个经济学描述,说明了当前各个文化行业与市场经济日益紧密的联系。

最根本的区别是技术基础,即从模拟技术走向数字技术。文化产业的发展历史可以根据如何对符号和文本进行工业化复制的技术变化进行分期。从法兰克福学派对文化工业的批判到上世纪80年代欧洲人对文化产业概念的重新使用,观念嬗变的基本原因是数字化信息技术革命。文化工业依赖的是19世纪末出现的现代电信和广播技术,或者说模拟信号技术,而文化产业依赖的是网络技术,或者说数字化信息技术。信息模拟技术对文化内容的生产在一定程度上以牺牲文化创作的个性化原则为条件,数字技术则可以实现个性化基础上的生产。前一种叫做大规模复制,后一种可以叫大规模定制。数字技术革命克服了法兰克福学派所批判的文化工业的弊病,将文化产业推进到新的阶段。

因数字化信息技术革命而产生的变革仍然在持续地发酵,其影响既深且广。比如,在企业微观层面,发生了生产组织形式的变化。从文化工业时期福特式大规模生产模式,变为网络化的知识型企业,并从大规模工厂化生产模式转变为地域性创意企业和创意人才的集聚发展。又比如,在产业链层面出现了上游化下游化的变化:传统文化资源和文化遗产大规模的数字化成为世界各国文化产业竞争的基础性工程,而生产性文化服务业的发展则成为推动文化产业与国民经济融合发展最重要的力量,文化经济”“创意经济等概念皆因此而生。作为一种数字文化,文化产业正在引领人类文明走向明天。

从某种意义上说,我们目前还处在以数字和网络技术为主要特征的人类新文明的入口处,文化产业可能是我们所不理解的明天的产业,我们只是竭尽全力转变观念、跟上变革。新时代移民的一代,我们的下一代,下下一代,将会是数字时代的原住民,他们对今天的文化产业会如何看,我们不知道。但是,我们殷切期待着。

(选自2013-08-01光明网《光明日报》)

【1】 下列关于文化工业文化产业的表述,符合原文意思的一项是( )(3分)

A.文化工业是用生产工业品的方式生产文化产品,源于上世纪中期法兰克福学派所批判的文化产业,强调标准化。

B.文化产业是国际组织和各国政府都使用的文化政策关键词,用来说明文化行业与市场经济的联系,强调个性化。

C.文化工业是一种大规模复制,其技术基础是信息模拟技术,以现今电信和广播技术对文化内容进行生产。

D.文化产业是一种大规模定制,其技术基础是网络技术,以数字化信息技术充分实现个性化基础上的生产。

【2】 下列对原文思路的分析,不正确的一项是( )(3分)

A.①②段从生产方式和性质上对文化工业文化产业概念作了界定,并批判了上世纪中期法兰克福学派所言的文化产业。

B.第段论述了在英文概念上的单复数区别,第段从模拟技术和数字技术角度指出了两者根本性的区别,这两段构成递进关系。

C.第⑤⑥段论述了因数字化信息技术革命而产生的变革带来的既深且广影响,并且举例论证,最后表达了对当今文化产业的期待。

D.文章的标题是文化工业文化产业’”,文本从文化工业文化产业层层展开,但论述的结构是总-分-总。

【3】 下列对原文观点的概括,正确的一项是(3分)

A.文化产业的发展是一个历史性的现象,文化产业衍生出各种不同的概念表述,如创意产业”“内容产业”“娱乐产业等。

B.人们观念的嬗变促使其技术基础从模拟技术走向数字技术,数字技术革命克服了法兰克福学派所批判的文化工业的弊病。

C.企业微观层面的生产组织形式的变化,产业链层面的上游化下游化的变化,反映了这变革仍然在持续地发酵。

D.我们目前还处在以数字和网络技术为主要特征的人类新文明的入口处,文化产业可能是我们所不理解的明天的产业。

【题目】 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.

【1】 In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?

A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.

B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.

C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.

D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.

【2】This text is mainly the relationship between _________.

A. Americans and the French

B. life style and obesity

C. children and adults

D. fast food and overweight

【3】 The text is mainly developed __________.

A. by contrast

B. by space

C. by process

D. by classification

【4】Where does this text probably come from?

A. A TV interview

B. A food advertisement

C. A health report

D. A book review

【题目】Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 【1】 Today, people spend more time along and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showed with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. 【2】

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. 【3】 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 【4】 Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional(情感的)intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life, she says.

Whats the best way to up your EQ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. 【5】

To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a sharing circle with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking, Freed says.

Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.

Good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of emotional intelligence that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationship.

【题目】 We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负)others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.

Rules can help the public make the right , and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent .

If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be for them to form what is sometimes called a black and white view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into .

Sometimes it may not be so easy to know what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is

to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and

be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel so when stealing some food to eat, if he lives in a really poor area and he is .

Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to 13 others. However, some people argue that rules may be

, having observed that rules change all the time, and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to what is right?

【1】 A. kind B. sensitive

C. fair D. generous

【2】 A. equally B. slightly

C. clearly D. increasingly

【3】 A. suggestions B. conclusions

C. turns D. choices

【4】 A. accidents B. mistakes

C. falls D. deaths

【5】 A. interesting B. vital

C. easy D. valuable

【6】 A. seldom B. rarely

C. merely D. never

【7】A. trouble B. power

C. prison D. control

【8】 A. roughly B. eventually

C. deliberately D. exactly

【9】 A. awful B. cruel

C. unhealthy D. unnecessary

【10】 A. kind B. sensitive

C. fair D. generous

【11】 A. nervous B. anxious

C. afraid D. guilty

【12】 A. begging B. starving

C. growing D. wandering

【13】 A. follow B. instruct

C. treat D. protect

【14】 A. disgusting B. confusing

C. unsafe D. unimportant

【15】 A. predict B. explain

C. decide D. consider

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