题目内容
【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一 如果六十年代以来中国没有原子弹、氢弹,没有发射卫星,中国就不能叫有重要影响的大国,就没有现在这样的国际地位。这些东西反映一个民族的能力,也是一个民族、一个国家兴旺发达的标志。
——邓小平
材料二 国外有人说:“到21世纪30年代,中国人口将达16亿,那时谁来养活这么多人?谁来拯救由此引发的全球性粮食危机?”袁隆平闻言挥动着满是老茧的双手说:“中国完全能解决自己的吃饭问题,中国还要帮助世界人民解决吃饭问题!”“袁(隆平)正引导我们走向一个丰衣足食的世界。”
——(美)经济学家唐·帕尔伯格
材料三 公元9年,西汉时期的神话故事叙述了嫦娥奔月的情景,被记载在《汉书·艺文志·淮南子》篇中。366年,敦煌石窟开始建造,“飞天”从此成为人类石刻绘画艺术中精彩而不朽的形象。14世纪末,明朝人万户,为了实现飞向天空的梦想,双手举一个大风筝,坐上背后绑了47支火箭的椅子,勇敢地进行火箭送他上天、风筝帮他落地的实验。结果,他成了人类历史上第一个火箭登天的牺牲者。2007年10月24日,我国首颗探月卫星“嫦娥”一号在西昌卫星发射中心发射成功,“嫦娥”从此奔月去。
材料四 中国政府对科技经费的投入,从1955年的3800万元猛增到1997年的961亿元,所取得的省部级以上重大科技成果在1997年即达到3.1万项。
——《中国现代史纲》
(1)建国初期,我国政府做出研制“两弹一星”的决策,结合材料一说出“两弹一星”的含义是指什么?其研制有何重要影响?
(2)袁隆平培育的杂交水稻对人类有什么贡献?
(3)结合材料三,简析“嫦娥一号”探月卫星成功发射的原因。
【答案】(1)原子弹、导弹和人造地球卫星。影响:打破了美苏两国对核技术的垄断,提高了中国的国际地位,加强了中国的国防,为社会主义建设创造了安定的环境。(答出其中的两点即可)
(2)袁隆平培育的杂交水稻增产明显,不仅解决了中国人的吃饭问题,还在世界范围推广,被许多国家引种,有助于解决未来世界性饥饿问题。
(3)原因:国家实力的强大;党和政府实施“科教兴国”战略;广大科技工作者献身科技事业;航天科技发达。
【解析】本题主要考查学生从材料中获取有效信息分析问题的能力及知识迁移能力。
第(1)问,注意“两弹一星”中的“两弹”是指原子弹、导弹,其“影响”要结合其提出背景及研制过程等角度概括。
第(2)问,结合所学知识回答即可。
第(3)问,主要从国家政策支持、经济发展、技术发展及科技人员的努力等角度来展开。
【题目】任务型阅读,请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The Elements of Success
I don’t believe that there is any recipe for success. Instead, I believe success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors — and not all of them are needed for success. The more factors you have on your side, the more likely you are to succeed, and positive attitude is just one of those factors. Here are seven additional factors that are also important.
Knowledge
A strong body of knowledge about the area in which you wish to succeed is often one of the key building blocks of success. You can build this by pushing yourself — try out to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas to build your knowledge.
Natural talent
Some people are born with a predisposition to succeed in certain areas. Find this out for yourself by trying a lot of different activities and seeing what comes easy to you. The things you do with little or no effort that genuinely impress others are likely very near your natural talent, and natural talent combined with a lot of hard work leads to greatness.
Clear goals and planning
Much like a trip, it’s a lot easier to get where you want to go if you know where you’re going and spend the time to plan the route you’ll take to get there. Think about what your definition of success exactly is, and then identify some of the things that need to be done to help you move towards it.
Passion
An intense, burning desire to dig deep into a particular area is often a sign that you’ll find success there. Much as with your natural talent, the way to find your passion is to touch on a lot of different areas and see what resonates(产生共鸣) for you.
Focus and consistent effort
Hard work is another key to finding success. You don’t become a champion without practicing every day. If you want to succeed in a certain area, work hard in that area and go beyond what others are doing — deliberate practice is one big key.
Luck and opportunity
Luck and opportunity also play an important role in success — sometimes things just click due to forces beyond your control. You can improve your luck by making as many strong personal contacts as you can and sharing what you have to increase their "luck" and "opportunities".
Cooperation and support
Along with luck comes cooperation — the fact that others are working in small ways to help you succeed rather than hinder(阻碍) you. A spouse telling you that you can do this is going to go a lot further than a spouse telling you you’ll never make it.
Title: The Elements of Success | ||
The author’s ___【1】___ about success | ★Success is the result of a combination of a lot of different factors together. ★The more factors you have on your side, the more ___【2】__ you have to succeed. ★__【3】___ attitude should be excluded. | |
Other additional factors for success | Knowledge | ★Make a(n) __【4】___ to read some foundational materials and push yourself into challenging areas. |
Natural talent | ★Combining natural talent with ___【5】__ can contribute to greatness. | |
Clear goals and planning | ★Think about how you ____【6】___ success and identify some of the things that need to be done. | |
Passion | ★___【7】___ into many different areas and see what resonates for you. | |
Focus and consistent effort | ★Practicing ___【8】__ is a big key to success. | |
Luck and opportunity | ★Make as many strong personal contacts as you can. ★Share what you have to ___【9】__ to others’ "luck" and "opportunities". | |
Cooperation and support | ★___【10】__ are that you can make much more progress through encouragement. | /tr>