题目内容

【题目】甲、乙两烧杯中各盛有100 mL 3 mol·L1的盐酸和NaOH溶液，向两烧杯中分别加入等质量的铝粉，反应结束后测得生成气体的体积比为甲∶乙=1∶2，则加入铝粉的质量为

A．5.4 g B．3.6 g C．2.7 g D．1.8 g

【答案】A

【解析】首先要分析清楚气体体积比为1∶2时两烧杯中的过量情况。我们可以从等质量的铝粉反应可能存在的三种情况出发进行分析。①铝全部反应，则产生的H2的体积相等；②铝均有剩余，2HCl~H2↑，2NaOH~3H2↑，其生成H2的体积比为甲∶乙=1∶3，因此本题应是第三种情况；③HCl不足，NaOH过量，由2HCl~H2↑，甲中产生的H2为=0.15 mol，乙中产生的H2为0.15 mol×2=0.3 mol，n(Al)=0.3 mol×=0.2 mol，m(Al)=5.4 g。

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