题目内容

【题目】How to Make Friends

Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend ______. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

【1】 Associate with others.

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

【2】Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.______ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

【3】______

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

【4】 Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. ______. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

【5】 Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.______ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

【答案】【1】E

【2】C

【3】B

【4】G

【5】D

【解析】【1】根据后面的But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面是说这个过程对一些人来说很容易。所以选E。

【2】由后面的You can always start the conversation.可知,你要主动开始说话,所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。

【3】根据后面的as these interests would always bring you and your friend together可知要和朋友在一块儿做一些事情。所以选B项。

【4】前面说不要总是给你的新朋友打电话、发信息,或拜访他们,因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪,导致你最后失去他们,因此你要给你的朋友留出时间以对你作出回应。

【5】前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己,也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。

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【题目】A desire, wish, hope, expect, want long 填空

1 I __________ you can get on well with your new friends.

2 I __________ had worked out the problem in the examination.

3 The boy __________ to be forgiven.

4 We __________ plenty of sleep, not studying all the time.

5 We are all __________ for peace.

6 The Queen __________ to see the newly-elected Prime Minister David Cameron.

B. alarm, terrify frighten 填空

7 They __________ were __________ by the storm.

8 All the miners were greatly __________.

9 Don't __________ the poor man.

C. event, affair, accident, incident matter 填空

10 The football fans behaved well, and the game was played without __________.

11 This is a really important __________.

12 World War I was one of the most important __________ in the history of mankind.

13 I'm sorry about breaking the vase—it was an __________

14 They were accused of interfering in China's internal __________.

D. announcedeclare填空

15 The chairman __________ the meeting closed.

16 Everyone was silent as he __________ the winner of the competition.

E. sympathy pity 填空

17 He felt __________ for the man who is starving.

18 Every person in trouble wants __________.

F. absurd ridiculous 填空

19 It's clear to everybody that this idea is __________.

20 How __________ You blame it on me!

G. company accompany 填空

21 She __________ her friend to the concert.

22 My dog will keep me __________ when I am feeling lonely.

【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成后面小题。

种子萌芽从汲取水分开始,种子首先膨胀,胚部接着生长。发芽就像分娩,一旦启动就是个不可逆的过程,因此发芽的时机攸关生死,种子早已演化出各式各样的手段找对时机。杨树和柳树的种子寿命极短,若没有在散播后几个小时内找到湿泥地,就会死亡。热带雨林中,许多树木结的大型种子如果没有在几周内发芽,就会腐败。对这些物种来说,要掌握正确的发芽时机,得先掌握正确的结子时机,因为种子一旦成熟,保存期限是很短的。

一年中,若季节气候对种子来说太干燥或太寒冷,不利于发芽,种子就进入休眠,等待不适宜的气候过去。

如果将植物行为以精巧度衡量,扁蓄的发芽行为只有初级程度。扁蓄是长在耕地和花园中的杂草,种子先天为休眠型,未经冬天不会发芽。土壤中的种子在冬季感受到低温,打破休眠状态,预备好在春天来临、土壤回暖时发芽。没有在五月发芽的种子,又逐渐进入休眠状态,静待另一波寒意来临,准备好再次发芽。扁蓄的行为其实相当合理,称为初级程度好像不太公平,更何况相似的植物还不少,许多杂草也有依季节循环的休眠期和发芽期。

另一种相当常见的杂草则要比扁蓄技高一筹,那就是羊腿藜。羊腿藜在年初结不休眠的种子,产季时则结休眠的种子。有了年初生产的种子,这年的羊腿藜就有更多子代,后来所结的种子则安然保存至明春。

一年生植物的种子发芽机制就更精巧了,这些植物会打赌冬天冷不冷,许多冬季一年生植物,像雀麦草,都是在秋天发芽,这样做的风险是冬天的寒霜很可能冻死幼苗。但如果存活下来,就有了回报,因为比起其他春天才发芽的种子,这些幼苗抢先一步发育成长,能长得比较大,结的种子也多得多。冬季一年生植物也懂得分散风险,让部分种子在冬季休眠、春天发芽。比起熬过冬天的幼苗,这些春天发芽的种子长出的植株比较小、结的种子也比较少,但是存活的几率通常大一些。由于某几年的冬天比较冷,某几年比较不冷,所以有时不休眠种子长得好,有时休眠种子胜算大。

目前为止所谈的发芽行为,精巧程度都还不及格。种子还能从其他线索得到更精确的讯息,以决定什么时候发芽。许多像莴苣一类的种子,对光很敏感,在黑暗中不会发芽,即使温度和湿度都很恰当。这样的机制可以避免那些被埋得很深的、没有机会到达土壤表层的种子发芽。而只要一丝阳光,就能让种子自休眠中苏醒。替菜圃翻土会让阳光传递讯息给土壤中许多对光敏感的杂草种子,让它们知道接近土壤表层了。

很多种子的招数更了不起。植物可借由远古演化而来的光感受体(即光敏素分子)感知光线。光敏感分子有两种形式,可彼此转换。一种称为Pr,吸收红光后转换成另一种形式,称为Pfr,Pfr吸收远红光后再转回Pr型分子。Pr对Pfr的比率是由接受多少这两种不同波长的光而定。这种Pr对Pfr的比率提供了地方环境的讯息,对植物来说极为重要。未被遮蔽的日光,红光/远红光的比率为1,然而,阳光穿过树叶后,大部分红光为树叶吸收,这时比率远小于1。植物透过Pr对Pfr比率能侦测到光的改变。由此,植物利用光敏素察觉邻近植物的位置,调整自己的生长以避开邻近植物。同样,种子如果暴露在透光叶子照射的阳光中,就不发芽。与其在其他植物的遮蔽下发芽、长出难以存活的幼苗,还不如维持休眠状态。

光敏素有个缺点,就是在黑暗环境中无用武之地。因此只有位于土壤表层或接近表层的种子能加以利用,侦测竞争对手是否环伺在侧。不过还有另一种线索,能让深埋土中的种子知道上方有没有一线生机。土壤表层的植物,例如草类,就像一层隔绝物,调节土壤内种子感受温度的范围。光裸的土壤表层没有这层隔绝物,所以底下的种子会感受到强烈的温度起伏,许多种子就从这种温度起伏中得知土壤表面是光裸的。如果感受到温度起伏,种子就会在春天发芽;而如果感受到的温度很平稳,没有高低起伏,种子就不发芽。

(选自【英】乔纳森·西尔弗顿著、徐嘉妍译《种子的故事》,商务印书馆,2014年,有删改)

【1】简要分析文中画线部分的语言特色。

2作者认为有些种子发芽行为的精巧程度还不及格。请写出这些种子的发芽行为。

3翻土可以除掉土壤表层的杂草,但是翻动过的土壤有时反而长出更多的杂草。请用文中观点解释这种现象。

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