题目内容

【题目】下列各组句子中的加点词，意义和词性相同的一项是（ ）

A． ①道之所存，师之所存也

②师道之不传也久矣

B． ①人非生而知之者，孰能无惑

②是故无贵无贱，无长无少

C． ①惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣

②于其身也，则耻师焉，惑也

D． ①圣人之所以为圣

②是故圣亦圣，愚亦愚

【答案】D

【解析】A项，道：①道理。名词。②（从师的）风尚，名词。B项， 无：①没有，动词。②无论，连词。C项， 惑：①疑难问题，名词。②糊涂，形容词。D项，圣：①②相同，圣人，名词。

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【题目】A

Disabled Students' Allowances are grants (补助金） to help meet the extra costs of studying that students face as a direct result of a disability or specific learning difficulty.

The allowances provide help for full-time, part-time and postgraduate students. The amount you can get does not depend on your household income. You do not have to repay this help.

Do you qualify?

To apply, you will have to show your local authority written proof of your disability from an appropriate medical professional.

If you have a specific learning difficulty such as dyslexia (诵读困难），the local authority may ask you to have an independent assessment carried out to establish this.

Your local authority cannot meet the costs of this assessment. If you cannot afford to pay for it, you can apply to your college or university for help through the Access to Learning Fund.

You can apply if you are studying：

a full-time course that lasts at least one year.

a part-time course that lasts one year and doesn't take more than twice as long to complete as an equivalent(相同的)full-time course.

However, you will not be eligible (有资格的) for Disabled Students' Allowances if you receive a bursary (奖学金） from the NHS (the National Health Service). Bursaries are similar to grants and are usually linked to a certain profession or qualification.

How much do you get?

That will depend on your particular circumstances. If you are a part-time student，the intensity of your course will also affect how much you can receive.

How are they paid?

Student Finance Direct will pay the money into your account as needed, or directly to the supplier of services, for example, your university, college or equipment supplier.

【1】 What could be the best title for the passage?

A. How to apply for Disabled Students’ Allowances

B. How to be qualified for Disabled Students' Allowances

C. Disabled Students' Allowances

D. How much Disabled Students' Allowances can you apply for?

【2】The underlined word “establish” （in Paragraph 5) probably means __________

A. to make people accept a belief, claim, custom, etc.

B. to discover or prove the facts of a situation

C. to start or create an organization, etc.

D. to start a relationship with another person, group or country

【3】 A student who gets Disabled Students' Allowances __________

A. should apply to his college or university for them in advance

B. is required to return the allowances after he finishes his education

C. might get more allowances if he finishes his course in a longer time

D. should not receive scholarships from the NHS at the same time

【题目】How to Make Friends

Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend ______. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

【1】 Associate with others.

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

【2】Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.______ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

【3】______

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

【4】 Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. ______. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.

【5】 Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.______ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoken to.

D. Try not to find fault with your friends.

E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

【题目】下列句子中加点词的活用，与其他不同的一项是（ ）

A． 则群聚而笑之

B． 师道之不传也久矣

C． 句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉

D． 孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃

【题目】We were scared to death when the fire ________. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.

broke out

came out

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【题目】All possible means _______. However, nothing can _______ him dying of lung cancer.

has tried; stop

have tried; keep

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【题目】 与卫中行书

（唐）韩愈

大受足下：辱书，为赐甚大。然所称道过盛，岂所谓诱之而欲其至于是欤？不敢当，不敢当!其中择其一二近似者而窃取之，则于交友忠而不反于背面者，少似近焉。亦其心之所好耳，行之不倦，则未敢自谓能尔也。不敢当，不敢当！

至于汲汲于富贵以救世为事者，皆圣贤之事业，知其智能谋力能任者也。如愈者又焉能之？始相识时，方甚贫，衣食于人。其后相见于汴、徐二州，仆皆为之从事，日月有所入，比之前时丰约百倍，足下视吾饮食衣服亦有异乎?然则仆之心或不为此汲汲也，其所不忘于仕进者，亦将小行乎其志耳。此未易遽言也。

凡祸福吉凶之来，似不在我。惟君子得祸为不幸，而小人得祸为恒；君子得福为恒，而小人得福为幸，以其所为似有以取之也。必曰“君子则吉，小人则凶”者，不可也。贤不肖存乎己，贵与贱、祸与福存乎天，名声之善恶存乎人。存乎己者，吾将勉之；存乎天、存乎人者，吾将任彼而不用吾力焉，其所守者岂不约而易行哉！足下曰：“命之穷通，自我为之。”吾恐未合于道。足下征前世而言之，则知矣；若曰：“以道德为己任，穷通之来，不接吾心。”则可也。

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（略有删节）

【1】对下列句子中加横线词语的解释，不正确的一项是（ ）

A．岂所谓诱之而欲其至于是欤 诱：诱导、引导。

B．少似近焉 少：稍微。

C．此未易遽言也 遽：仓促。

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【2】下列各组句子中，加横线词的意义和用法相同的一组是（ ）

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【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括与赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）

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B．第二段拿追求富贵以救世的圣贤作比，表明自己求官不只是脱贫，还想济世救民。只可惜生不逢时，壮志难酬，痛苦之情溢于言表。

C．韩愈把人生的吉凶祸福视为必然。他认为命运的困顿与显达，不取决于自己；认为一个人有无才能靠自己，名声好坏靠别人。

D．本文以自由多变的散句为主，穿插一些骈文句法，叙议结合，表达了自己简单而旷达的人生态度。

【4】把文中画线的句子译成现代汉语。

（1）君子得福为恒，而小人得福为幸。

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【5】用“/”给下面的文段断句。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

黑格尔说，“真正有价值的悲剧不是出现在善恶之间，而是出现在两难之间。”眼下，关于人工智能与人类的关系，就是这样一种关系。没有什么比谈论人工智能更酷炫的了。但问题在于，许多科幻电影、电视剧都设想了最终机器人终将取代人类的悲惨结局。最近霍金就再次表示了这种担忧。

其实，无论是科幻电影中的桥段，或是霍金的担心，某种意义上，更像是对于人类未来不确定性的焦虑。这种不确定，既源于对人工智能理解上存在的不确定性，也在于人工智能对人类社会制度可能造成冲击的不确定性。

其实，现在所有的人工智能技术，都是基于对人类智能的简单、粗糙的模仿。即使像所谓的“神经网络”这样的名称，听着特别玄，但它与人类神经系统的真实情况，还是要差上很多级别，它们仍然只是建立在神经元连接机理的粗浅抽象上的数学模型。

并且，目前所有的人工智能产品，都局限于某个极窄的范围之内，不要说超级智能，即使是简单的跨界，也要做出很大的调整，才能实现。

当然，你可以说，还是存在某个时刻，人工智能就是变得比人类聪明了。我们假设真的存在这种可能，那意味着人工智能需要具备某种意识，不管这种意识是否跟人类相同。如果没有这种意识，人工智能为什么要来消灭人类呢？为什么一定要与人类为敌呢？

更何况，人类现在对于自身的意识、伦理、思想究竟是如何产生的，它们又是什么，尚不清楚。如果机器真能自主产生意识，那也只能说，这是宿命。

相较于这种可能性非常微小的威胁，更值得我们关注的，是人工智能对人类社会制度产生的冲击。这种冲击，并非人工智能的主动行为，而是当其改变目前的生产行为方式后，人类社会自身适应、调整自身制度的努力所带来的改变。

虽然人工智能带来的自动化潮，可能消灭近半数的工作岗位，但失去收入的只是普通的劳动者而已，企业却可能因此受益，甚至获取更多利润。那么这些利润、财富该如何分配呢？很大可能是这个社会的财富将越来越集中到少数人手中。

正如英国乐施会今年早些时候发布的报告所言，目前世界上最富有的八个人，拥有财富是人类总体财富的一半。想象一下，如果机器人革命加剧这种趋势，结果又会如何？

社会的不公平将会是极大的问题。正如上一次工业革命，使得劳动与资本关系发生了变化，进而产生了福利制度和福利国家。现在，我们更紧迫的事情，恐怕不是去想，人工智能有了自主意识后，会如何消灭人类，而是在面对新的劳动关系、新的生产方式时，人类社会的制度究竟应该怎么调整。

所以，如果人工智能能够摧毁人类，那一定不是因为人工智能觉醒，而是人类在这一波的社会关系变化中，自己失控了，放任极端化的社会制度出现，破坏了其自身生存的基础。这与其说是人工智能带来的，还不如说是人类自身的不可靠所导致的。

（摘编自南方时报网）

【1】下列关于“人工智能”的说法，不正确的一项是

A.人工智能技术是对人类智能简单、粗糙的模仿，它只是建立在粗浅抽象上的数学模型。

B.人工智能中即使能够建立所谓的“神经网络”，与人类神经系统的真实情况相差甚远。

C.人工智能的发展对人类社会制度产生的冲击可能会大于人工智能技术对人类的威胁。

D.人工智能带来的自动化潮可能使企业获取更多利润，还改变了目前的生产行为方式。

【2】下列关于人工智能与人类的关系的认识，不正确的一项是：

A.由于太多科幻作品设想了机器人终将取代人类的悲惨结局，连霍金这样的科学家都因此表示了担忧。

B.人类对人工智能的担忧可能源于对人工智能理解的不确定以及人工智能对人类社会制度的冲击。

C.随着技术的发展，即使人工智能有可能变得比人类聪明，但这并不意味着人工智能就一定会与人类为敌。

D.人工智能如果能摧毁人类，更可能是人类在适应新的一波社会关系变化中，自身失控而导致的。

【3】下列关于文章的理解，不正确的一项是

A.目前人工智能与人类的关系存在一种两难境地，人工智能虽然给人类带来了便利，但其发展也有诸多不确定性。

B.目前的人工智能产品在应用上局限于极窄的范围之内，想实现产品简单的跨界更加是不可能的事情。

C.人类对于自身的了解尚且有限，人工智能能否自主产生与人类相同的意识对于人类来说更是不能确定之事。

D.与其担心人工智能的觉醒，不如更关注人类如何解决由于自身的不可靠而导致的一系列失控问题。

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