题目内容

【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。

太湖碎锦

范烟桥

太湖,用文人的套语来形容,是“三万六千顷、七十二峰”。民间则说“八百里太湖跨三州”。不经过实测,这样笼统地画出一个轮廓,只能给人们一种山明水秀、浩瀚无际的想象。至于它有什么诗情画意,要费一点时间实地去观察、探索,才能领会。

我从不同的角度,看太湖的部分画面,就感到有不同的胜概。洞庭东山、西山是太湖里两个主峰。东山周围五十余里,山势并不陡峭,土壤又滋润,经劳动人民世世代代辛苦经营,已成了丰产地区。山下坡田,种植各种水稻,是秋熟的主要农作物。夏熟是三麦和油菜,还有豆类和蔬菜瓜果。他们更有园艺的丰富经验,梅、杏、桃、李……多得数说不尽。枇杷、杨梅和洞庭红(橘名)名闻远近。随着春夏秋冬,它们先后开花结果,春天果然是“姹紫嫣红开遍”,夏天、秋天、冬天,也是各有烂漫绚丽的景色。说是“美尽东南”,并不夸张。从观赏说,四时皆宜;从生产说,那就是取之不尽、用之不竭的天然资源。江南的许多淡水鱼,这里样样都有。朝出暮归的千百艘大小渔船,点缀湖光水色中,渔民们勤劳、勇敢,征服自然,利用自然。

西山和东山隔着东太湖,东山最高峰——莫釐,和西山最高峰——缥缈遥遥相对,同为七十二峰的领袖。西山也是丰产地区,同是“花果山”,东山所有的名花嘉果,西山都繁生着。从东山坐独具风格的小艇——龙飞快,驶入东太湖,莫釐峰头,云气滃然如蒸。别的不知名的远近诸山,时隐时现,好似给烟波吞吐着,山色因明暗而浓淡不一。船家果然有眼明手快的本领,坐在船里的我,到湖心时常为颠簸震荡而惊心动魄。正因为如此,而愈觉山水奇丽得来不易的乐趣。兀立在东山、西山之间的石公山,则是以玲珑秀逸的姿态吸引着人们。小艇乘风破浪而去,到了山下,显然可见四围的山石,经过千万年的冲刷,有了“皱、瘦、透”的美姿,早给鉴赏者陆续凿去了,苏州园林里的太湖石,都是取于石公一带的石山。因此,石公山像斧削过,没有了山脚,正如一块翡翠放在一个玻璃盘里

假使从苏州直接到西山,出蠡口,就展开了图画,山更多,湖更大,变幻就更多。王鏊“山与人相见,天将水共浮”,冯善“震泽春浮涨碧漪,净涵天影漾玻璃”,能把湖山之胜,描绘得恰到好处。道书上所说的第九洞天——林屋,就在西山。到了里面,石壁嶙峋如雕塑,是洞庭一奇。这里有许多神话,和山农们闲谈,妄言妄听,也增添了些兴趣。而西边的消夏湾,更附会着西施的种种传说。山湾柔顺的湖水,浅而澄清,可以游泳。有着荷花、菱叶,清风徐来,颇有凉意,确是夏天避暑的好去处。到了包山寺,才窥见缥缈峰突起在丛林杂树之上。近观不如远眺之美,大凡山水之胜,都有这个境界。有了山,有了水,才见得山的灵秀,水的空明。太湖就以此特饶奇胜。

太湖还有四个画面,和洞庭东山、西山合起来,差不多得见其全貌。一是从湖州到无锡的一段水程,在群山断续中经过,前后左右可以看到云峦起伏,似乎它们都有动态,与人游戏。一是从无锡到宜兴,数十分钟的汽车行程,在湖边掠过,太湖平铺在车外,远山几抹,可望而不可即。一是无锡的鼋头渚,割取了太湖的一角,经过人力的整理,有着怪石突兀、惊涛汹涌的奇趣。不仅有色,而且有声。夕阳将下,余晖照映湖面,金光璀璨,不可名状。一是苏州光福的石壁,也是太湖的一角,更见得静止处,已不是空阔浩渺的光景。而即小见大,可以使人有更多的推想。

阴、晴、风、雨、云、雾,固然使山水多变,适逢其会,逸趣横生。便是朝曦、夜月下特有的湖光山色,也是可遇而不可求的。古今诗人画师,尽管灵思妙想,摄取片断到诗画里,有着他们的杰作,还是概括提炼。我更无能,凭我接触到的,写了些体味,或许有三言两语,能引起到过太湖者的同情,作会心的微笑。毕竟是“尝鼎一脔”,太湖实在是描写不尽,描写难工的。(有删改)

【1】下列对文章有关内容的理解和赏析,不正确的两项是 )(

A.作者对太湖东山、西山及太湖在阴、晴、风、雨、云、雾下的变幻作了详细的描绘,表现了太湖山水的多变与逸趣横生。

B.文章引用形容太湖的套语、诗句,谈及苏州园林、道书记载和神话传说,增添了太湖的人文色彩和传奇性。

C.文章用“一块翡翠放在一个玻璃盘里”,比喻四围山石被削取的石公山兀立湖面这一湖山相映的景致,极为生动形象。

D.第段写太湖的四幅画面,都运用想象和移步换景的方法,结合色彩、声音等变化,表现不同时空之下的太湖奇景。

E.本文写太湖美景,详略有致,既有整体勾勒,又有局部描写,自然景色与审美体验有机融合,韵味丰富。

2文章第段写了东山一带哪些“胜概”?请简要概括。表达了作者怎样的思想感情?

3文中说:“近观不如远眺之美,大凡山水之胜,都有这个境界。”你是否赞同这个说法?结合本文和生活实际,谈谈你的思考。

【答案】

【1】AD

2文章第段写了三方面“胜概”:自然之美,物产之丰,劳作之美;表达了作者对祖国大好河山的赞美和热爱之情,歌颂了劳动人民的勤劳、勇敢,认识到劳动创造美和人民群众改造自然的伟大力量。

3示例一:赞同。近观和远眺是两种不同的审美视角。远眺比近观更能领略自然景物的整体特征和独特风貌。如文中东山莫釐峰“云气滃然如蒸”的迷蒙奇幻之美,正为远眺所得。现实生活也是如此,近观事物,固然能体验到细节之美,但很难统观全局之胜。因此,只有立足高远,面向未来,才能凭高视远,达到人生更高境界。

示例二:不赞同。远眺只能让人获得事物的概貌,近观才能让人发现和体察细微之美。本文作者若仅远眺而不近观,就无法领略石公山“像斧削过,没有了山脚”的奇景。现实生活也是如此,想要领悟到近处的美与人生的当下意趣,就要立足眼前风景和现实人生。

【解析】

【1】试题分析:A项,“作者对……太湖在阴、晴、风、雨、云、雾下的变幻作了详细的描绘”错误,文章没有作“详细的描绘”。D项,“都运用想象和移步换景的方法”分析有误,“结合色彩、声音等变化”在文中体现得不明显。

2试题分析:本题考查考生分析概括、理解文章思想感情的能力。首先要找到答案区域,这个区域在题干中已经明确给出。然后,要认真阅读第段文字,抓住关键词句并进行勾画。最后将勾画的内容概括整理成答案要点。

3试题分析:本题考查考生的探究能力。这是一道开放性的试题。首先要明确自己的观点,然后再阐明理由,做到言之有理。还要注意结合实际和文本内容,不能脱离文本内容去空谈。

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相关题目

【题目】C

It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.

Then one day. Some visitors from the city arrived. The told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frogs legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other place.

This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a batter future. But the dream didnt last long.

The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.

The villagers decided that they couldnt just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides(杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.

Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless. They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.

Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.

【1】 From paragraph I we learn that the villagers __________.

A. worked very hard for centuries

B. dreamed of having a better life

C. were poor but somewhat content

D. lived a different life from their forefathers

【2】 Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs?

A. the frogs were easy money

B. They needs money to buy medicine

C. they wanted to please the visitors

D. the frogs made too much noise

【3】 What might be the cause of the childrens sickness?

A. the crops didnt do well

B. there were too many insects

C. the visits brought in diseases

D. the pesticides were overused

【4】 What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?

A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country

B. Health is more important than money

C. The harmony between man and nature is important

D. good old day will never be forgotten

【题目】

Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.

He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.

With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiouslybut without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospitaland that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his fathers words came to him. When you are in a tight situation, dont panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.

On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. Bees dont like smoke, he thought. They couldnt get into the house. Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.

Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he lived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.

Youll really need that fishing break to help you recover, laughed his mother with relief. Thank goodness you didnt panic! But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.

【1】 Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?

A. He was riding to school.

B. He was listening to a strange sound.

C. He was going fishing with his father.

D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.

【2】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage?

A. They crowded like a black cloud.

B. They shocked and terrified Andy.

C. They tried to attack Andy in a mass.

D. They made Andy stay in hospital for two days.

【3】 How did Andy avoid the bees in the end?

A. He asked Mr. Nelson for help.

B. He did himself under the water.

C. He rushed into the Nelson house.

D. He rode off in the opposite direction.

【4】 Which of the following can best describe Andys escape from the bees?

A. No pains, no gains.

B. Once bitten, twice shy.

C. Where there is a will, there is a way.

D. In time of danger, ones mind works fast.

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