Question

15．American Table Manners
  Table manners are different in different countries．What is polite in China may not be polite in the Unite States．These basic rules will help you enjoy western food with your American friends．
   When you sit down at the table，always put the napkin on your lap first．
   When eatingsomething in a bowl，do not leave the spoon in the bowl．Put it on the plateunder the bowl．When you have had your meal，place your knife and fork on theside of your plate．
  During the meal，the hostess will offer you a second helping of food．Sometimes she will ask youto help yourself．When she offers you food，give her a direct answer．If you refuse the first time，she might not ask you again．
   At the table，ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach．Good expressions to know are：“Please pass me the…”or“Could you hand me the-please？”
   The best way to learn good manners is to watch others．Observe （观察） the way your western friends eat．This is the best way to avoid making mistakes when you are unsure of what to do．

The Basic Rules of Table Manners in America
Before the meal	You should put the napkin on your（73）lapfirst．
During the meal	★If the hostess offers you food，you'd better answer her（74）directly．She might ask you just once． ★You can ask others for help when the dishes are（75）out ofyour reach．
After the meal	★After you have the meal，you should put the（76）knife and forkon t he side of your plate．
The best way	★If you don't know how to behave well at table，just（77）watch others/do as others do．It works well．

Answer 1

分析 美国的餐桌礼仪
  在不同的国家，餐桌礼仪是不一样的．在中国被看作有礼貌的行为在美国可能是不礼貌的．这些基本的规则将帮助你和你的美国朋友享受吃西餐的快乐．
   当你在饭桌前坐下的时候要把纸巾放在大腿上．
   当在碗里吃东西的时候，不要把勺子放在碗里．把它放在碗下面的盘子里．当你吃饭的时候，把你的刀和叉子放在盘子的一侧．
  在吃饭期间，主人可能给你提供食物．有时她会让你随便吃．如果主人给你提供食物，你要给她一个明确的答复．如果你第一次拒绝了，她就不会再问你．
  当吃饭的时候，可以请别人给你递过来你够不到的菜．好的表达方式是：“请递给我…”或“你能帮我吗？”
  最好的学习礼貌的方式是看别人怎么做．当你不确定要做什么的时候，观察一下你西方朋友吃饭的方式，这是避免犯错误的最好方式．

解答 试题分析：本文叙述了美国的餐桌礼仪，在吃饭前要把纸巾放在大腿上，在吃饭期间如果主人给你提供食物，你要直接回答．在饭后，要把刀叉放在你的盘子的旁边．当不知道如何去做的时候应该注意观察其他的人的做法．
73．答案：lap．细节理解题．根据always put the napkin on your lap first．可知把纸巾放在大腿上，故填lap．
74．答案：directly．判断推理题．根据When she offers you food，give her a direct answer．可知如果主人给你提供食物，你要直接回答，这里用副词修饰动词，故填directly．
75．答案：out of．细节理解题．根据At the table，ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach．可知当吃饭的时候，可以请别人给你递过来你够不到的菜．这里out of reach够不到，故填out of．
76．答案：knife and fork．细节理解题．根据When you have had your meal，place your knife and fork on the side of your plate．当吃完了饭的时候，要把刀叉放在你的盘子的一边，故填knife and fork．
77．答案：watch others/do as others do．判断推理题．根据Observe （观察） the way your western friends eat．可知当不知道如何去做的时候应该注意观察其他的人的做法，故填watch others/do as others do．

点评 本篇短文是一篇社会文化类阅读短文．本篇阅读理解主要告诉学生有关“美国的餐桌礼仪“的话题，学生的对这个话题比较熟悉．在做题的过程中一定要结合题目从原文中找答案，抓住关键性的与之相关的句子仔细推敲，一定要忠实于原文，这是做好阅读理解题的关键．