题目内容

任务型阅读 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,完成下列各题。(共5小题,计10分)
Language is always changing and developing. This isn’t a bad thing. If English hadn’t changed for a long time, we won’t have words to describe telephones, washing machines, computers or some other new things.
Language changes for several reasons. First, it changes because the needs of its speaker change. New technologies, new products, and new experiences need new words to express them clearly. Another reason for change is that different people have different language experiences. People use different sets of words and expressions, because they have different ages, jobs, education levels(水平) and so on.
How does language develop then? On the one hand, many of the languages changes begin with young people. When young people communicate with others of their own age, their language grows in grammar, words and expressions that are different from the older people’s. Some have a short lifetime but others can influence the language for long. On the other hand, we get new words in many different ways. We borrow them from other languages, we create them by making words shorter or combining words and we make them out of proper names.
Languages that don’t change over time are considered dead languages. The fact that English changes so much shows that it is alive and well.
小题1:What does the writer think of the change and development of language?
He thinks it is                       .
小题2:Why do people use different sets of words and expressions according to the passage?
Because their          and education levels are different.
小题3:How many reasons for language change are mentioned in this passage?
The writer mentions          reasons.
小题4:How do young people help develop language?
They do it when they                  others of their own age.
小题5: What is considered a dead language according to the passage?
The one that                   over time is considered a dead language.

小题1:not a bad thing / not bad / a good thing / good  
小题2:ages, jobs
小题3:two / 2
小题4:communicate (talk) with
小题5:doesn’t change / never changes / keeps (stays) the same

试题分析:本文叙述了语言总是在发展变化的,这不是一件坏事。语言变化的原因为,说话者本身变化的需要,以及不同的人有不同的语言经历。语言变化的方式是:一方面是许多语言变化是从年轻人开始的;另一方面是我们用许多不同的方法获得新词。语言不随着时间而变化,会被认为是死语言。
小题1:根据 Language is always changing and developing. This isn’t a bad thing. 可知作者认为语言的发展变化不是意见坏事情,故此处为not a bad thing / not bad / a good thing / good 。 
小题2:根据People use different sets of words and expressions, because they have different ages, jobs, education levels(水平) and so on.可知人们用不同的单词和短语,因为他们有不同的年龄、工作和受教育水平等。故此处为ages, jobs。
小题3:根据First, it changes because the needs of its speaker change.和Another reason for change is that different people have different language experiences.可知本文提到了语言变化的两个原因,故此处为two / 2。
小题4:根据When young people communicate with others of their own age, their language grows in grammar, words and expressions that are different from the older people’s. 可知年轻人和同龄人交流时,他们的语言在语法、词汇和短语不同于年长的人。故此处为communicate (talk) with。
小题5: 根据Languages that don’t change over time are considered dead languages. 可知不随着时间而变化的语言被认为是死语言。故此处为doesn’t change / never changes / keeps (stays) the same。
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Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
“It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness,” said the study’s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen’s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.
小题1: Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?
A.People talked about their feelings every day.
B.People were kept alone for six days.
C.People were given colds by doctors.
D.People were made to feel unhappy.
小题2: What did the study find?
A.People who felt happy never got ill.
B.People’s feelings didn’t influence their health.
C.People with good feelings became ill more easily.
D.People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses..
小题3: According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?
A.Eating.
B.Crying.
C.Laughing.
D.Sleeping.
小题4:This passage is a/an          .
A.advertisement
B.newspaper report
C.story
D.scientist’s diary
小题5:What is the best title for this passage?
A.Smiles can fight colds
B.Cause of colds found
C.The danger of colds
D.How people get sick
小题6:
Eating habits are different in many countries. The Chinese have a saying, “Eat good things for breakfast, eat a big meal for lunch, but eat less at dinner.” Many Americans agree that one should start the day with a good breakfast, but their ideas about lunch and dinner are different.
Most Americans only give themselves a short time for lunch. So they eat a small meal. After work they will have more time to eat a big dinner. Also a quiet dinner at home with all the family members talking about their day is a way to rest after a long, hard day of work.
Eating at restaurant is also different. In China, people like to talk and laugh while eating. Very often you can hear people talking and laughing loudly, and they are just having a good time. In America it is not like this. People want a quiet place where they can eat a good meal far away from the noise of the outside world. If some people are talking too loudly, the manager (经理) may come out and ask them to leave.
小题1:Which is the good way for keeping healthy in China?
A.Eating nothing for breakfast.
B.Eating less to lose weight.
C.Eating less at dinner.
D.Eating what you want.
小题2: How long do most Americans only give themselves for lunch?
A.The whole noon.B.A long time.
C.A short time.D.More time.
小题3:Is talking at table a way to rest in America?
A.Yes, it is. B.No, it isn’t.
C.No, they don’t talk.D.Having dinner in a restaurant.
小题4:What do people like doing when we are having a meal in China?
A.Having a rest.B.Eating quickly.
C.Only eating quietly.D.Talking and laughing.
小题5:What will the manager of the restaurant do if some people are talking too loudly in America?
A.Talk with them happily.B.Ask them to be quiet.
C.Let them go away.D.Do nothing.
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”, small talk means little things we talk about at the ____41____of a conversation. In English-speaking countries, people often make small talk about the _____42_____: Nice day, isn’t it?” “Terrible weather, isn’t it?” But there is ______43_____special about small talk. It must be about something ______44_____ people have the same idea about. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a ______45_____ topic for small talk. The topics for small talk also depend on _____46____ the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are _____47_____. “Great game, isn’t it?” At bus stops, people may say: “The bus service is terrible, isn’t it?”
Greetings and small talk are _____48_____ important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be _____49_____from one language to another. This___50_____that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior (社会行为) of the people who speak it.
小题1:A.front                   B. end              C. start
小题2:A. weather           B. dates             C. colors
小题3:A. nothing           B. anything          C. something
小题4:A. all               B. both              C. every
小题5:A. cheap               B. dangerous            C. safe
小题6:A. where               B. when             C. how
小题7:A. seeing              B. looking at           C. watching
小题8:A. the               B. an                   C. a
小题9:A. the same              B. difficult            C. different
小题10:A. sounds             B. shows                C. looks
Naturally, American schoolchildren love holidays. And they get a lot of them each year.
Besides having national holidays such as Thanksgiving and Presidents’ Day off from school, students get longer breaks in the spring and during the summer holidays .In fact, kids in US only go to school for about 180 days a year .To students, holidays are perfect .However, parents think there are advantages and disadvantages.
On the one hand, school holidays allow families to spend time together. Many American parents take time off from work during June ,July or August to travel with their children on vacation either in US or a foreign country. On the other hand, schoolchildren get much more time off school than parents get vacation time. This means that parents with young children may have to pay more in babysitting or daycare costs. As well, the long summer holidays mean that students sometimes get bored .
Besides going on trips with their parents, American students enjoy taking part in different kinds of activities during the holidays. For example, some kids enjoy summer camps and outdoor adventure(冒险) holidays. Such trips are great for adventurous students. They also have a lot to offer students who aren’t usually interested in traditional PE activities. You can do courses in survival(生存) skills, for example. Students learn how to make a camp in the forest, which wild food they can eat and how to find their way back to the center.
Students who are not excited about summer camps and outdoor adventure may take part in courses in computer game design, filmmaking and photography during the holidays. Finally, the traditional school trip to foreign countries is always popular. Students can practice their foreign language skills and experience everyday life in a different culture.
小题1:How long are kids in the US at school every year?
A.About 180 days .B.About 280 days .
C.About 200 days .D.About 300 days .
小题2: What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph?
A.Some kids.B.Different traditional PE activities
C.ParentsD.Summer camps and outdoor adventure.
小题3:Which of the following is ture ?
A.Both parents and students think school holidays are perfect.
B.Parents can take care of their young children during all the holidays.
C.Students enjoy taking part in different kinds of activities during holidays.
D.Students don’t like to have school trips to foreign countries during holidays.
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.School Trips in the US.B.School Holidays in the US.
C.School activities in the US.D.Outdoor Adventure in the US
Every year on April 22, People all over the world celebrate Earth Day. It is a time to work to keep our earth clean. People plan projects to clean up the land, air and water.
U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson first thought of the idea for Earth Day in 1962 when he saw polluted rivers and cities with smoke. He needed to get support from Americans to clean up the earth. Finally, on April 22, 1970, 20 million Americans celebrated the first Earth Day! Now many countries around the world celebrate it, and you can, too.
How can you celebrate Earth Day? Here are a few ideas:
Join a clean-up project------Clean up your street or a favorite beach.
Save energy------Turn off the lights when you leave a room, and use public transportation.
Use less water.
Reduce(减少)/ Reuse/ Recycle ------ Practice the three Rs: First, reduce how much you use. Then reuse or recycle what you can.
You can make a difference on Earth Day and every day!
小题1:When was the first Earth Day?
A.On April 22, 1970.B.On April 22, 1962.
C.On April 22, 1971.D.On April 22 every year.
小题2:People celebrate World Earth Day every year to  _____
A.have great funB.keep our earth clean
C.get to know each otherD.get support
小题3:How do people around the world celebrate Earth Day?
A.By using more cars.
B.By helping clean up the land, air and water.
C.By polluting rivers and cities.
D.By taking fewer buses.
小题4:Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A.Americans celebrated the first Earth Day.
B.Three Rs mean reduce, reuse and recycle.
C.Now about 20 million people celebrate the Earth Day.
D.People celebrate Earth Day by helping to do some public cleaning.

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