ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ijÐËȤС×éͬѧΪ֤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁËÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬´Ó²»Í¬½Ç¶ÈÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑé·½°¸£¬²¢½øÐÐʵÑ飮·½°¸Ò»£ºÏÈÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ²¢²»¶ÏÕñµ´ÈÜÒº£¬Í¬Ê±²â¶¨»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬Èç¹û²âµÃµÄpHÖð½¥±äСÇÒСÓÚ7£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£º
£¨2£©¼òÊöÇ¿µ÷¡°²âµÃµÄpHСÓÚ7¡±µÄÀíÓÉ£º
·½°¸¶þ£ºÏÈÔÚNaOHÈÜÒºÖеμӼ¸µÎ·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔºìÉ«£¬È»ºóÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ¿É¹Û²ìµ½ºìÉ«Öð½¥Ïûʧ£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧÔÚÏòNaOHÈÜÒºÖеμӷÓ̪ÈÜҺʱ£¬·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÒâÍâÏÖÏó£ºÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒº±ä³ÉÁ˺ìÉ«£¬¹ýÁËÒ»»á¶ùºìÉ«¾ÍÏûʧÁË£®¸ÃС×é¶ÔÕâÖÖÒâÍâÏÖÏóµÄÔÒò×÷ÁËÈçϲÂÏ룺¢Ù¿ÉÄÜÊÇ·Ó̪ÈÜÒºÓë¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆø·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹ºìÉ«Ïûʧ£»¢Ú¿ÉÄÜÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÓë¿ÕÆøÖеĶþÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹ºìÉ«Ïûʧ£®
£¨1£©ÎªÑéÖ¤²ÂÏë¢Ù£¬¸Ã×éͬѧ×öÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飺½«ÅäÖƵÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈ£¬²¢ÔÚÒºÃæÉÏ·½µÎһЩֲÎïÓÍ£¬È»ºóÔÚÀäÈ´ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£®ÊµÑéÖС°¼ÓÈÈ¡±ºÍ¡°µÎÈëÖ²ÎïÓÍ¡±Ä¿µÄÊÇ
£¨2£©ÎªÑéÖ¤²ÂÏë¢Ú£¬¸Ã×éͬѧ×öÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飺ȡÁËÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£¬ÔÚÆäÖеÎÈë·Ó̪ÈÜÒº£¬·¢ÏÖÈÜÒºÒ²³ÊÏÖºìÉ«£¬Óɴ˿ɵóöÒÔÏÂÁ½µã½áÂÛ£º½áÂÛ1£ºËµÃ÷Na2CO3ÈÜÒº³Ê
£¨3£©¸ÃС×éͬѧͨ¹ý²éÔÄ×ÊÁϵÃÖª£ºµ±ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺŨ¶ÈºÜ´óʱ£¬¾Í»á³öÏÖÉÏÊöÒâÍâÏÖÏó£®ÇëÉè¼ÆʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷¸Ã·½°¸ÖÐÈ¡ÓõÄNaOHÈÜҺŨ¶È¹ý´ó£º¢ÙʵÑé·½·¨
·½°¸Èý£º»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐͨ³£°éËæÓÐÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬¿É½èÖú·´Ó¦Ç°ºóµÄζȱ仯À´ÅжϷ´Ó¦µÄ·¢Éú£®Èç¹ûNaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá»ìºÏÇ°ºóζÈÓб仯£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧ½«²»Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄÑÎËáºÍNaOHÈÜÒº¸÷10mL»ìºÏ£¬ÓÃÎÂ
¶È¼Æ²â¶¨ÊÒÎÂÏ»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵı仯£¬²¢¼Ç¼ÁËÿ´Î»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵÄÉý¸ßÖµ¡÷t£¨Èç±í£©£®
±àºÅ | ÑÎËá | NaOHÈÜÒº | ¡÷t/¡æ |
1 | 3.65% | 2.00% | 3.5 |
2 | 3.65% | 4.00% | x |
3 | 7.30% | 8.00% | 14 |
£¨1£©±íÖÐx=
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§ÔÚûʹÓÃζȼƵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Í¨¹ýÓÒͼËùʾװÖÃÍê³ÉÁËʵÑ飮Ôò¸Ãͬѧ¸ù¾Ý
£¨3£©¹ØÓÚʵÑéÖеÄϸ½ÚºÍÒâÍâÇé¿ö£º¢ÙʵÑéÖУ¬Ï¡ÑÎËá±ØÐëÓýºÍ·µÎ¹ÜÖðµÎµÎ¼Ó£¬ÕâÑù×öµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
£¨4£©ÎªÁ˽øÒ»²½Ñо¿ÊµÑéÖгöÏÖµÄÎÊÌ⣬ȡÁË13.3gÇâÑõ»¯ÄƹÌÌåÑùÆ·¼ÓÊÊÁ¿µÄË®Åä³ÉÈÜÒº£¬ÏòÆäÖмÓÈë200g10%µÄÏ¡ÑÎËᣬʹÆä³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼2.2g£®Çó£º
£¨1£©ÑùÆ·ÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£»
£¨2£©ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿£»
£¨3£©ÔÚͼÖл³öÒÔ×Ý×ø±ê±íʾ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÖÊÁ¿£¬ºá×ø±ê±íʾÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Øϵͼ£®
£¨ÒÑÖªNa2CO3+2HCl¨T2NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü£©
·ÖÎö£º·½°¸Ò»£º£¨1£©ÕýÈ·µÄÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpH£»
£¨2£©Ôڵμӹý³ÌÖÐÈç¹ûû·´Ó¦ÔòÎÞÂÛ½«ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÏ¡Ê͵½Ê²Ã´³Ì¶È¶¼²»¿ÉÄÜСÓÚ7£»
·½°¸¶þ£¨1£©ÎªÁËÑéÖ¤ÊDz»ÊÇÑõÆøµÄÓ°Ï죬ËùÒÔÒªÅųýÑõÆøµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£»
£¨2£©ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺͶþÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦Éú³É̼ËáÄÆ£¬¶ø̼ËáÄÆÒ²Äܹ»ÊÇ·Ó̪±äºì£¬¹ÊÅųýÁËÕâÖÖ¿ÉÄÜ£»
·½°¸Èý£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý±íÖеÄÊý¾Ý½øÐнâ´ð£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÖкͷ´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦½øÐзÖÎö£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝʵÑéÖеIJÙ×÷¿ÉÄÜÔì³ÉµÄÓ°ÏìºÍºó¹ûÀ´½â´ð¸ÃÌ⣻
£¨4£©·ÖÎö¸ÃÌâÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó¸ù¾Ý¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿À´Çó³ö̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬È»ºóÅжÏÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Äƽø¶ø½â´ð¸ÃÌ⣮
£¨2£©Ôڵμӹý³ÌÖÐÈç¹ûû·´Ó¦ÔòÎÞÂÛ½«ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÏ¡Ê͵½Ê²Ã´³Ì¶È¶¼²»¿ÉÄÜСÓÚ7£»
·½°¸¶þ£¨1£©ÎªÁËÑéÖ¤ÊDz»ÊÇÑõÆøµÄÓ°Ï죬ËùÒÔÒªÅųýÑõÆøµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£»
£¨2£©ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺͶþÑõ»¯Ì¼·´Ó¦Éú³É̼ËáÄÆ£¬¶ø̼ËáÄÆÒ²Äܹ»ÊÇ·Ó̪±äºì£¬¹ÊÅųýÁËÕâÖÖ¿ÉÄÜ£»
·½°¸Èý£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý±íÖеÄÊý¾Ý½øÐнâ´ð£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÖкͷ´Ó¦ÊÇ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦½øÐзÖÎö£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝʵÑéÖеIJÙ×÷¿ÉÄÜÔì³ÉµÄÓ°ÏìºÍºó¹ûÀ´½â´ð¸ÃÌ⣻
£¨4£©·ÖÎö¸ÃÌâÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó¸ù¾Ý¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿À´Çó³ö̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬È»ºóÅжÏÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Äƽø¶ø½â´ð¸ÃÌ⣮
½â´ð£º½â£º·½°¸Ò»
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£ºÓò£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚPHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬ÔÙÓë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕվͿÉÒÔÖªµÀÈÜÒºµÄPH£»
£¨2£©ÒòΪϡÊÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺʱ£¬¼îÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPH±äС£¬Ö»ÄÜÎÞÏ޵ĽӽüÓÚ7£¬µ«ÊDz»ÄܵÈÓÚ»òСÓÚ7£®Èç¹ûPHСÓÚ7£¬ËµÃ÷ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£»
·½°¸¶þ
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÖС°¼ÓÈÈ¡±ºÍ¡°µÎÈëÖ²ÎïÓÍ¡±Ä¿µÄÊÇ£º³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒºÖÐÈܽâµÄÑõÆø£¬À´ÅųýÑõÆøµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£®
£¨2£©½áÂÛ1¸ù¾ÝÏÔ¼îÐÔµÄÎïÖÊÄÜʹ·Ó̪ÊÔÒº±äºìÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝËù¸øµÄÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬½«¸ÃÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺϡÊͺóÔٵμӷÓ̪¹Û²ìÏÖÏó£¬ÈôÏÔʾºìÉ«Ôò˵Ã÷ËùÈ¡µÄÈÜҺŨ¶È¹ý´ó£¬
·½°¸Èý
£¨1£©±È½ÏµÚÈý×éºÍµÚÒ»×éÊý¾ÝÖеÄÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶È¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬µÚÈý×éÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄŨ¶È¶¼ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬Ôòζȵı仯ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ4±¶£»µÚ¶þ×éÓëµÚÒ»×é±È½Ï£¬ÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý²»±ä£¬¶øÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶ÈÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬ËùÒÔζȵĸıäÒ²ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬ËùÒÔX=7
£¨2£©ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËá·¢ÉúÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬ÈÜÒºµÄζȻáÉý¸ß£¬µ¼ÖÂÉÕÆ¿ÄÚµÄѹǿÔö´ó£¬Ê¹UÐιܵÄÒºÃæ³öÏָ߶Ȳ
£¨3£©¢ÙÔÚÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Ê±£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÈç¹ûµÎ¼ÓËٶȹý¿ì¿ÉÄÜ»áµÎÈëµÄÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬
¢ÚÓò£Á§°ô½Á°èÄܹ»ÊÇÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƳä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬
¢ÛÈô³öÏÖÆøÅÝÔò˵Ã÷¿ÉÄÜÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱäÖÊ£¬
¢ÜÈô±äÖÊÔò²úÉú̼ËáÄÆ£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒԵóö¹ÌÌå³É·Ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ̼ËáÄÆ£¬Ì¼ËáÄƺÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵȲÂÏë
£¨4£©£¨1£©£¨2£©·ÖÎö¸ÃÌâÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó¸ù¾Ý¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿À´À´Çó³ö̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬È»ºóÅжÏÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Äƽâ´ð¸ÃÌ⣻
£¨3£©ÑÎËáÏȺÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó²ÅºÍ̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·½°¸Ò»£º£¨1£©½«PHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔÚ±íÃæÃóÉÏ£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿´ý²âÒºµÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬½«ÊÔÖ½ÑÕÉ«Óë±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ¶Á³öpH£®
£¨2£©ÅųýÒòÏ¡ÊͶøʹÈÜÒºpH¼õСµÄÒòËØ£®
·½°¸¶þ£º£¨1£©³ýÑõºÍ¸ôÑõ£®
£¨2£©¼î£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÈ¡ÉÏÊöÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊͺó£¬ÔٵμÓÎÞÉ«·Ó̪£¬
¢ÚÈÜÒº³ÊºìÉ«£®
·½°¸Èý£º£¨1£©7£®£¨2£©UÐ͹ÜÖÐÒºÃæ×óµÍÓҸߣ»
£¨3£©¢Ù·ÀֹϡÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿
¢Úʹ·´Ó¦³ä·Ö
¢ÛÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÄÆ
¢ÜNa2CO3NaOHÓëNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎ
£¨4£©½â£ºÉè¹ÌÌåÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬¸ú̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy
Na2CO3+2HCl¨T2NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü
106 73 44
x y¡Á10% 2.2g
=
=
½âµÃ£ºx=5.3g y=36.5g
NaOHµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º13.3g-5.3g=8g
ÉèºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªz
NaOH+HCl¨TNaCl+H2O£¨0.5·Ö£©
40 36.5
8g z¡Á10%
=
½âµÃ z=73g
´ð£º£¨1£©ÑùÆ·ÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îª8g£»
£¨2£©ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª73g£®
£¨3£©ÔÚͼÖл³öÒÔ×Ý×ø±ê±íʾ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÖÊÁ¿£¬ºá×ø±ê±íʾÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Øϵͼ£º£º
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£ºÓò£Á§°ôպȡÈÜÒºµÎÔÚPHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬ÔÙÓë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕվͿÉÒÔÖªµÀÈÜÒºµÄPH£»
£¨2£©ÒòΪϡÊÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺʱ£¬¼îÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄPH±äС£¬Ö»ÄÜÎÞÏ޵ĽӽüÓÚ7£¬µ«ÊDz»ÄܵÈÓÚ»òСÓÚ7£®Èç¹ûPHСÓÚ7£¬ËµÃ÷ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£»
·½°¸¶þ
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÖС°¼ÓÈÈ¡±ºÍ¡°µÎÈëÖ²ÎïÓÍ¡±Ä¿µÄÊÇ£º³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒºÖÐÈܽâµÄÑõÆø£¬À´ÅųýÑõÆøµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£®
£¨2£©½áÂÛ1¸ù¾ÝÏÔ¼îÐÔµÄÎïÖÊÄÜʹ·Ó̪ÊÔÒº±äºìÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝËù¸øµÄÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬½«¸ÃÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺϡÊͺóÔٵμӷÓ̪¹Û²ìÏÖÏó£¬ÈôÏÔʾºìÉ«Ôò˵Ã÷ËùÈ¡µÄÈÜҺŨ¶È¹ý´ó£¬
·½°¸Èý
£¨1£©±È½ÏµÚÈý×éºÍµÚÒ»×éÊý¾ÝÖеÄÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶È¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬µÚÈý×éÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄŨ¶È¶¼ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬Ôòζȵı仯ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ4±¶£»µÚ¶þ×éÓëµÚÒ»×é±È½Ï£¬ÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý²»±ä£¬¶øÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄŨ¶ÈÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬ËùÒÔζȵĸıäÒ²ÊǵÚÒ»×éµÄ2±¶£¬ËùÒÔX=7
£¨2£©ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƺÍÑÎËá·¢ÉúÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬ÈÜÒºµÄζȻáÉý¸ß£¬µ¼ÖÂÉÕÆ¿ÄÚµÄѹǿÔö´ó£¬Ê¹UÐιܵÄÒºÃæ³öÏָ߶Ȳ
£¨3£©¢ÙÔÚÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Ê±£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÈç¹ûµÎ¼ÓËٶȹý¿ì¿ÉÄÜ»áµÎÈëµÄÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬
¢ÚÓò£Á§°ô½Á°èÄܹ»ÊÇÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƳä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬
¢ÛÈô³öÏÖÆøÅÝÔò˵Ã÷¿ÉÄÜÊÇÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱäÖÊ£¬
¢ÜÈô±äÖÊÔò²úÉú̼ËáÄÆ£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒԵóö¹ÌÌå³É·Ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ̼ËáÄÆ£¬Ì¼ËáÄƺÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵȲÂÏë
£¨4£©£¨1£©£¨2£©·ÖÎö¸ÃÌâÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀÊÇ̼ËáÄƺÍÑÎËáµÄ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó¸ù¾Ý¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿À´À´Çó³ö̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬È»ºóÅжÏÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯Äƽâ´ð¸ÃÌ⣻
£¨3£©ÑÎËáÏȺÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬È»ºó²ÅºÍ̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·½°¸Ò»£º£¨1£©½«PHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔÚ±íÃæÃóÉÏ£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿´ý²âÒºµÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬½«ÊÔÖ½ÑÕÉ«Óë±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ¶Á³öpH£®
£¨2£©ÅųýÒòÏ¡ÊͶøʹÈÜÒºpH¼õСµÄÒòËØ£®
·½°¸¶þ£º£¨1£©³ýÑõºÍ¸ôÑõ£®
£¨2£©¼î£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÈ¡ÉÏÊöÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊͺó£¬ÔٵμÓÎÞÉ«·Ó̪£¬
¢ÚÈÜÒº³ÊºìÉ«£®
·½°¸Èý£º£¨1£©7£®£¨2£©UÐ͹ÜÖÐÒºÃæ×óµÍÓҸߣ»
£¨3£©¢Ù·ÀֹϡÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿
¢Úʹ·´Ó¦³ä·Ö
¢ÛÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÄÆ
¢ÜNa2CO3NaOHÓëNa2CO3µÄ»ìºÏÎ
£¨4£©½â£ºÉè¹ÌÌåÑùÆ·ÖÐ̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬¸ú̼ËáÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy
Na2CO3+2HCl¨T2NaCl+H2O+CO2¡ü
106 73 44
x y¡Á10% 2.2g
106 |
x |
73 |
y¡Á10% |
44 |
2.2g |
½âµÃ£ºx=5.3g y=36.5g
NaOHµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º13.3g-5.3g=8g
ÉèºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªz
NaOH+HCl¨TNaCl+H2O£¨0.5·Ö£©
40 36.5
8g z¡Á10%
40 |
8g |
36.5 |
z¡Á10% |
½âµÃ z=73g
´ð£º£¨1£©ÑùÆ·ÖÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îª8g£»
£¨2£©ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª73g£®
£¨3£©ÔÚͼÖл³öÒÔ×Ý×ø±ê±íʾ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÖÊÁ¿£¬ºá×ø±ê±íʾÑÎËáµÄÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹Øϵͼ£º£º
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éÁËÏ¡ÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº·¢ÉúÖкͷ´Ó¦¼°ÆäÉè¼ÆʵÑé½øÐÐÏà¹Ø·½ÃæÖ¤Ã÷µÈ·½ÃæµÄÄÚÈÝ£»ÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕÖкͷ´Ó¦µÄ¸ÅÄî¼°ÆäÓ¦Óã»ÕÆÎÕpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨ÈÜÒºµÄpHʱµÄ²Ù×÷·½·¨£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ijÐËȤС×éͬѧΪ֤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁËÖкͷ´Ó¦£¬´Ó²»Í¬½Ç¶ÈÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑé·½°¸£¬²¢½øÐÐʵÑ飮
I¡¢ÊµÑé·½°¸
·½°¸Ò»£ºÏÈÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ²¢²»¶ÏÕñµ´ÈÜÒº£¬Í¬Ê±²â¶¨»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬Èç¹û²âµÃµÄpHÖð½¥±äСÇÒСÓÚ7£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£º £®
£¨2£©¼òÊöÇ¿µ÷¡°²âµÃµÄpHСÓÚ7¡±µÄÀíÓÉ£º £®
·½°¸¶þ£º»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐͨ³£°éËæÓÐÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬¿É½èÖú·´Ó¦Ç°ºóµÄζȱ仯À´ÅжϷ´Ó¦µÄ·¢Éú£®Èç¹û
NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá»ìºÏÇ°ºóζÈÓб仯£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧ½«²»Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄÑÎËáºÍNaOHÈÜÒº¸÷10¿Ë»ìºÏ£¬ÓÃζȼƲⶨÊÒÎÂÏ»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵı仯£¬²¢¼Ç¼ÁËÿ´Î»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵÄÉý¸ßÖµ¡÷t£¨ÈçÏÂ±í£©£®
£¨1£©±íÖÐx= £®
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§ÔÚûʹÓÃζȼƵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Í¨¹ýÓÒͼËùʾװÖÃÍê³ÉÁËʵÑ飮Ôò¸Ãͬѧ¸ù¾Ý ÅжÏNaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁËÖкͷ´Ó¦£®
II¡¢ÊµÑéÖеÄÒâÍâÇé¿ö
ÔÚʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ËûÃÇ·¢ÏÖÊ¢·ÅNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿Æ¿¿ÚºÍÏðƤÈûÉϳöÏÖÁË°×É«·ÛÄ©£®ËûÃÇÒÀ¾ÝËùѧµÄ»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶£¬¶ÔÕâÖÖ°×É«·ÛÄ©µÄ³É·Ö×÷ÁËÈçϲÂÏ룺¢Ù¿ÉÄÜÊÇNaOH£»¢Ú¿ÉÄÜÊÇNa2CO3£» ¢Û¿ÉÄÜÊÇNaOHºÍNa2CO3£®
£¨1£©Ð¡Ã÷ͬѧȡ°×É«·ÛÄ©ÉÙÐí£¬ÈÜÓÚË®ºó£¬ÏÈÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄ ÈÜÒº£¬¿´µ½°×É«³Áµí²úÉú£¬È»ºóÏòÉϲãÇåÒºÖмÓÈë·Ó̪ÊÔÒº£¬¿´µ½ÈÜÒº³ÊºìÉ«£¬ÑéÖ¤Á˲ÂÏë¢ÛÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ£®
£¨2£©ÎªÁ˽øÒ»²½Ñо¿£¬ÈýλͬѧȡÁË10.0gÉÏÊöÑùÆ·£¬ÀûÓõç×ÓÌìƽ¹²Í¬×öÁËÏÂͼËùʾµÄʵÑ飮
ʵÑéÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼ÈçÏ£º
ÊÔͨ¹ý·ÖÎö±íÖÐÊý¾Ý¼ÆËãÉÏÊöÑùÆ·Öи÷³É·ÝµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£¨Ð´³ö¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì£©£® £®
£¨3£©ÓÐͬѧÌá³ö°´ÉÏÊöʵÑéËù²âµÃÊÔÑùÖÐNa2CO3ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý»áƫС£¬¸ÃͬѧµÄÀíÓÉÊÇ£¨ÊµÑé²Ù×÷¾ùÕýÈ·£©£º £®
I¡¢ÊµÑé·½°¸
·½°¸Ò»£ºÏÈÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÔٵμÓÑÎËᣬ²¢²»¶ÏÕñµ´ÈÜÒº£¬Í¬Ê±²â¶¨»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬Èç¹û²âµÃµÄpHÖð½¥±äСÇÒСÓÚ7£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
£¨1£©ÓÃpHÊÔÖ½²â¶¨NaOHÈÜÒºpHʱ£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷ÊÇ£º
£¨2£©¼òÊöÇ¿µ÷¡°²âµÃµÄpHСÓÚ7¡±µÄÀíÓÉ£º
·½°¸¶þ£º»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÖÐͨ³£°éËæÓÐÄÜÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬¿É½èÖú·´Ó¦Ç°ºóµÄζȱ仯À´ÅжϷ´Ó¦µÄ·¢Éú£®Èç¹û
NaOHÈÜÒºÓëÏ¡ÑÎËá»ìºÏÇ°ºóζÈÓб仯£¬ÔòÖ¤Ã÷·¢ÉúÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£®
¸Ã×éͬѧ½«²»Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄÑÎËáºÍNaOHÈÜÒº¸÷10¿Ë»ìºÏ£¬ÓÃζȼƲⶨÊÒÎÂÏ»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵı仯£¬²¢¼Ç¼ÁËÿ´Î»ìºÏÇ°ºóζȵÄÉý¸ßÖµ¡÷t£¨ÈçÏÂ±í£©£®
±àºÅ | ÑÎËá | NaOHÈÜÒº | ¡÷t/¡æ |
1 | 3.65% | 2.00% | 3.5 |
2 | 3.65% | 4.00% | x |
3 | 7.30% | 8.00% | 14 |
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§ÔÚûʹÓÃζȼƵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Í¨¹ýÓÒͼËùʾװÖÃÍê³ÉÁËʵÑ飮Ôò¸Ãͬѧ¸ù¾Ý
II¡¢ÊµÑéÖеÄÒâÍâÇé¿ö
ÔÚʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ËûÃÇ·¢ÏÖÊ¢·ÅNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿Æ¿¿ÚºÍÏðƤÈûÉϳöÏÖÁË°×É«·ÛÄ©£®ËûÃÇÒÀ¾ÝËùѧµÄ»¯Ñ§ÖªÊ¶£¬¶ÔÕâÖÖ°×É«·ÛÄ©µÄ³É·Ö×÷ÁËÈçϲÂÏ룺¢Ù¿ÉÄÜÊÇNaOH£»¢Ú¿ÉÄÜÊÇNa2CO3£» ¢Û¿ÉÄÜÊÇNaOHºÍNa2CO3£®
£¨1£©Ð¡Ã÷ͬѧȡ°×É«·ÛÄ©ÉÙÐí£¬ÈÜÓÚË®ºó£¬ÏÈÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄ
£¨2£©ÎªÁ˽øÒ»²½Ñо¿£¬ÈýλͬѧȡÁË10.0gÉÏÊöÑùÆ·£¬ÀûÓõç×ÓÌìƽ¹²Í¬×öÁËÏÂͼËùʾµÄʵÑ飮
ʵÑéÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼ÈçÏ£º
³Æ Á¿ Ïî Ä¿ | ³Æ Á¿ ʱ ¼ä | ÖÊÁ¿£¨g£© |
ÊÔÑù | 10.00 | |
×°ÖÃ+Ï¡ÁòËáÖÊÁ¿ | 241.20 | |
×°ÖÃ+Ï¡ÁòËáÖÊÁ¿+ÊÔÑù | ·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼ºó15Ãë | 249.20 |
×°ÖÃ+Ï¡ÁòËáÖÊÁ¿+ÊÔÑù | ·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼ºó35Ãë | 249.00 |
×°ÖÃ+Ï¡ÁòËáÖÊÁ¿+ÊÔÑù | ·´Ó¦¿ªÊ¼ºó55Ãë | 249.00 |
£¨3£©ÓÐͬѧÌá³ö°´ÉÏÊöʵÑéËù²âµÃÊÔÑùÖÐNa2CO3ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý»áƫС£¬¸ÃͬѧµÄÀíÓÉÊÇ£¨ÊµÑé²Ù×÷¾ùÕýÈ·£©£º