ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ͨ¹ýº£Ë®ÁÀɹ¿ÉµÃ´ÖÑΣ¬´ÖÑγýNaClÍ⣬»¹º¬ÓÐNa2SO4¡¢MgCl2¡¢CaCl2ÒÔ¼°ÄàɳµÈÔÓÖÊ£®ÎªÁËÓÐЧ½«´ÖÑÎÌá´¿£¬ÊµÑéµÄ¸÷²½²Ù×÷Á÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉÏÐÅÏ¢»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©ÔÚÍê³É²Ù×÷¢ñ֮ǰ£¬±ØÐë¼ÓÈëµÄÎïÖÊXÊÇ £¬yµÄÃû³ÆÊÇ £®
£¨2£©Óû³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒºAÖеÄNa2SO4¡¢MgCl2¡¢CaCl2£¬´ÓÌṩµÄÊÔ¼ÁÖÐÑ¡³öaËù´ú±íµÄÊÔ¼Á£¬°´µÎ¼Ó˳ÐòÒÀ´Î Ϊ£¨Ã¿´Î¶¼¹ýÁ¿£©£ºNaOHÈÜÒº¡¢ ºÍ £®£¨Ìî×Öĸ£¬ÌṩµÄÊÔ¼ÁÓУºA¡¢Na2CO3ÈÜÒº B¡¢K2CO3ÈÜÒº C¡¢BaCl2ÈÜÒº D¡¢Ba£¨NO3£©2ÈÜÒº£©
£¨3£©³ÁµíCÖеijɷÖÊÇMg£¨OH£©2¡¢ £¨Ìѧʽ£©£®
£¨4£©ÊµÑé×îÖÕËùµÃµÄ¾«ÑεÄÖÊÁ¿´óÓÚ´ÖÑÎÖÐÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÒòÊÇ´ÖÑÎÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÐеÄNaClÉú³É£¬Õû¸ö¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúеÄNaClµÄ·´Ó¦¹²ÓÐ ¸ö£®
£¨5£©ÇëÄãд³öÓÃpHÊÔÖ½¼ì²âÈÜÒºBËá¼î¶ÈµÄ¾ßÌå²Ù×÷£ºÈ¡Ò»Ð¡¶ÎpHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔڽྻµÄµãµÎ°åÉÏ£¬Óà £¬½« £¬¼´¿É¶Á³öÏàÓ¦ÊýÖµ£®
¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉÏÐÅÏ¢»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©ÔÚÍê³É²Ù×÷¢ñ֮ǰ£¬±ØÐë¼ÓÈëµÄÎïÖÊXÊÇ
£¨2£©Óû³ýÈ¥ÈÜÒºAÖеÄNa2SO4¡¢MgCl2¡¢CaCl2£¬´ÓÌṩµÄÊÔ¼ÁÖÐÑ¡³öaËù´ú±íµÄÊÔ¼Á£¬°´µÎ¼Ó˳ÐòÒÀ´Î Ϊ£¨Ã¿´Î¶¼¹ýÁ¿£©£ºNaOHÈÜÒº¡¢
£¨3£©³ÁµíCÖеijɷÖÊÇMg£¨OH£©2¡¢
£¨4£©ÊµÑé×îÖÕËùµÃµÄ¾«ÑεÄÖÊÁ¿´óÓÚ´ÖÑÎÖÐÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÒòÊÇ´ÖÑÎÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÐеÄNaClÉú³É£¬Õû¸ö¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúеÄNaClµÄ·´Ó¦¹²ÓÐ
£¨5£©ÇëÄãд³öÓÃpHÊÔÖ½¼ì²âÈÜÒºBËá¼î¶ÈµÄ¾ßÌå²Ù×÷£ºÈ¡Ò»Ð¡¶ÎpHÊÔÖ½·ÅÔڽྻµÄµãµÎ°åÉÏ£¬ÓÃ
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾Ý´ÖÑεÄÌá´¿ÐèÒª½«ÆäÅä³ÉÈÜÒº²ÅÄܽøÐУ»¼ÓÈëÊÊÁ¿HCl£¨³ýÈ¥¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¬Na2CO3£©£»
£¨2£©³ýÈ¥´ÖÑÎÖк¬ÓÐµÄ Mg2+¡¢Ca2+¡¢SO42-¿ÉÈÜÐÔÔÓÖʵķ½·¨£º¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2£¬È¥³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¨È¥³ýþÀë×Ó£©£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Na2CO3£¨È¥³ý¸ÆÀë×Ó£©£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý£¨2£©µÄ½á¹û·ÖÎöÅжϣ»»¹ÓÐÂÈ»¯±µºÍ̼ËáÄƹýÁ¿ÁË£»
£¨4£©ÔÚÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉÁËÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£»
£¨5£©ÓÃÏ´¾»µÄ²£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº£¬È»ºóµÎÔÚһСÕÅpHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬Óë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨±È½Ï£®
£¨2£©³ýÈ¥´ÖÑÎÖк¬ÓÐµÄ Mg2+¡¢Ca2+¡¢SO42-¿ÉÈÜÐÔÔÓÖʵķ½·¨£º¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2£¬È¥³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¨È¥³ýþÀë×Ó£©£»¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Na2CO3£¨È¥³ý¸ÆÀë×Ó£©£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý£¨2£©µÄ½á¹û·ÖÎöÅжϣ»»¹ÓÐÂÈ»¯±µºÍ̼ËáÄƹýÁ¿ÁË£»
£¨4£©ÔÚÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉÁËÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£»
£¨5£©ÓÃÏ´¾»µÄ²£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÁ¿¸ÃÈÜÒº£¬È»ºóµÎÔÚһСÕÅpHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬Óë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨±È½Ï£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©º£Ë®ÁÀɹµÃµ½µÄ´ÖÑÎÊǹÌÌ壬Ҫ½øÐÐÌá´¿£¬ÐèÒªÏÈÅä³ÉÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈëÊÊÁ¿HCl£¨³ýÈ¥¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¬Na2CO3£©£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË®£»ÑÎËᣮ
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý´ÖÑÎÖÐÈ¥³ý¿ÉÈÜÐÔÔÓÖÊ£¬º¬ÓÐ Mg2+¡¢Ca2+¡¢SO42-µÄ·½·¨£º
Èܽ⣺¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2£¨È¥³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£©£ºSO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4¡ý£»
¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¨È¥³ýþÀë×Ó£©£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»
¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Na2CO3£¨È¥³ý¸ÆÀë×Ó£©£ºCa2++CO32-=CaCO3¡ý£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC£»A£®
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý£¨2£©¿ÉÖª³ÁµíµÄ³É·ÖÓУºBaSO4¡¢CaCO3£®ÁíÍ⻹ÓÐÂÈ»¯±µºÍ̼ËáÄƹýÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒººÍÂÈ»¯±µÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬»¹»áÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƺÍ̼Ëá±µ³Áµí£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBaSO4¡¢CaCO3¡¢BaCO3£®
£¨4£©ÔÚ´ÖÑÎÌá´¿µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÔÚÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉÁËÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£®ËùÒÔʵÑéËùµÃ¾«ÑεÄÖÊÁ¿´óÓÚ´ÖÑÎÖÐNaClµÄÖÊÁ¿£®
Õû¸ö¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúеÄNaClµÄ·´Ó¦¹²ÓУºMgCl2+2NaOH=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaCl£»Na2CO3+CaCl2¨TCaCO3¡ý+2NaCl£»
BaCl2+Na2SO4¨TBaSO4¡ý+2NaCl£®BaCl2+Na2CO3¨TBaCO3¡ý+2NaCl
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£®
£¨5£©²â¶¨pH×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓÃpHÊÔÖ½£¬²â¶¨Ê±£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡ´ý²âÈÜÒº£¬µÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬È»ºóÔÙÓë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ£¬±ã¿É²â³öÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÕâÊǼìÑéÈÜÒºpHµÄÕýÈ··½·¨£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º²£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÐíÈÜÒºBµãÔÚpHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£»ÊÔÖ½ÏÔʾµÄÑÕÉ«Óë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨±È½Ï£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË®£»ÑÎËᣮ
£¨2£©¸ù¾Ý´ÖÑÎÖÐÈ¥³ý¿ÉÈÜÐÔÔÓÖÊ£¬º¬ÓÐ Mg2+¡¢Ca2+¡¢SO42-µÄ·½·¨£º
Èܽ⣺¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿BaCl2£¨È¥³ýÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£©£ºSO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4¡ý£»
¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿NaOH£¨È¥³ýþÀë×Ó£©£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý£»
¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Na2CO3£¨È¥³ý¸ÆÀë×Ó£©£ºCa2++CO32-=CaCO3¡ý£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC£»A£®
£¨3£©¸ù¾Ý£¨2£©¿ÉÖª³ÁµíµÄ³É·ÖÓУºBaSO4¡¢CaCO3£®ÁíÍ⻹ÓÐÂÈ»¯±µºÍ̼ËáÄƹýÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒººÍÂÈ»¯±µÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬»¹»áÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƺÍ̼Ëá±µ³Áµí£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBaSO4¡¢CaCO3¡¢BaCO3£®
£¨4£©ÔÚ´ÖÑÎÌá´¿µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÔÚÌá´¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÉú³ÉÁËÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£®ËùÒÔʵÑéËùµÃ¾«ÑεÄÖÊÁ¿´óÓÚ´ÖÑÎÖÐNaClµÄÖÊÁ¿£®
Õû¸ö¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúеÄNaClµÄ·´Ó¦¹²ÓУºMgCl2+2NaOH=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaCl£»Na2CO3+CaCl2¨TCaCO3¡ý+2NaCl£»
BaCl2+Na2SO4¨TBaSO4¡ý+2NaCl£®BaCl2+Na2CO3¨TBaCO3¡ý+2NaCl
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£®
£¨5£©²â¶¨pH×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓÃpHÊÔÖ½£¬²â¶¨Ê±£¬Óò£Á§°ôպȡ´ý²âÈÜÒº£¬µÎÔÚÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£¬È»ºóÔÙÓë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨¶ÔÕÕ£¬±ã¿É²â³öÈÜÒºµÄpH£¬ÕâÊǼìÑéÈÜÒºpHµÄÕýÈ··½·¨£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º²£Á§°ôպȡÉÙÐíÈÜÒºBµãÔÚpHÊÔÖ½ÉÏ£»ÊÔÖ½ÏÔʾµÄÑÕÉ«Óë±ê×¼±ÈÉ«¿¨±È½Ï£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ìâ´Ó¶à¸ö½Ç¶È¶ÔÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÌᴿʵÑé½øÐÐÁËÈ«Ã濼²ì£¬Áé»îÐÔÇ¿£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿