Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric（结构） of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed（加速） physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric tro lleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery（周围）of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.

Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl（建筑物无计划延伸） was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision （再划分小区）there proceeded much faster than population growth.

72．With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?

       A．Types of mass transportation.

       B．Instability of urban life.

       C．How supply and demand determine land use.

       D．The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.

73．Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?

       A．To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.

       B．To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.

       C．To show mass transportation changed many cities.

       D．To contrast their rate of growth.

74．According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?

       A．It was expensive.

       B．It happened too slowly.

       C．It was unplanned.

       D．It created a demand for public transportation.

75．The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,

       A．that is large.

       B．that is used as a model for land development.

       C．where the development of land exceeded population growth.

       D．with an excellent mass transportation system.

A young man rushes about a small room, hiding himself behind a chair, jumping on the desk, jabbing (刺) the air with his pencil. To an outsider there appears to be no __1__ for these strange acts. However, he is the __2__ of an experiment in hypnosis (催眠). Being hypnotized, the young man has __3__ the suggestion that there is a fierce dog in the room. So he acts as though there were.

According to the popular conception of hypnosis, a hypnotized person is in a __4__ like sleepwalking－seemingly awake yet out of touch with his or her normal __5__ awareness and self-control. There are, however, enormous __6__ between the sleepwalker and the hypnotized person. First, the sleepwalker, __7__ the hypnotized person, pays no attention to other people and doesn’t take instructions. Second, the sleepwalker doesn’t remember sleepwalking, while the hypnotized person __8__ everything that went on under hypnosis.

Obviously, sleep and hypnosis are different. But what exactly is hypnosis? Psychologists still don’t have a firm answer to this question. Although hypnosis has been already successfully __9__ to a large range of medical uses, there is little clear agreement as to how hypnosis works. Only when scientists can understand this, can the full potential (潜能) of hypnosis in medical treatment be __10__.

A. reason     B. purpose      C. doubt  D. evidence

A. species    B. target  C. subject       D. aim

A. received  B. accepted     C. admitted     D. believed

A. time B. course C. development      D. state

A. awake     B. waking       C. sleepy D. sleeping

A. influence B. relations     C. similarities D. differences

A. unlike     B. like     C. for      D. with

A. forgets    B. destroys     C. enjoys D. remembers

A. come       B. put     C. turned D. changed

A. exploited      B. saved  C. made  D. kept

These pictures will show you ________.

1. A.
   what does our hometown look like
2. B.
   what our hometown looks like
3. C.
   how does our hometown look like.
4. D.
   how our hometown looks like.

Finding summer jobs for teenagers has not always been easy, but now you no longer have to worry about what your kid can do to earn their own money. Recently I found some different sites online that offer information about what kids can do. Below is some of that information, along with questions to think about to help you come up with your own ideas.

Ideas for summer work:

● Parks and Recreation Programs.

● Babysitting (当临时保姆) during the day of school.

● Working part-time at a day care for the summer.

● Car washing.

● Working at local vegetable stands.

The easiest way for you to find ways for your child to make money is to think about others’ inconveniences (不方便). Think of things you need done, or would like to have done, and what you would consider paying for these things to get done. Once you have some ideas, you can sit down with your child and talk to them about what they would be interested in doing. Then once you have an idea of what they want to do you can help them come up with fair prices.

Preferably you would want to only have your child working with people you know and trust, or in the least bit you could have your child pick a partner. That way with each of them carrying cell phones, even those without service can call 911, they will be much safer.

       You can find out more information and many more ideas for kids to use to make money during their summer holidays by visiting http://www.kidswantmoney.com.

The author wrote the passage to _____.

A. share his discoveries online        B. introduce jobs for teenagers

C. advertise a website for teenagers    D. talk about his summer work experience

Which of the following is NOT considered when teenagers look for summer jobs?

A. Who they’d better work for.       B. How much should be charged.

C. Whether the jobs are safe.         D. Where the workplace is.

What can we learn about http://www.kidswant-money.com?

A. The author set up the website.

B. It gives information about educating children.

C. People need to pay to visit the website.

D. It offers ideas for children to make money. 

If you know exactly what you want, the best way to get a job is to get specialized training. A recent report shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.

That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor's degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high to low and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies especially like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization does not pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.

As further evidence of the erosion of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. This sounds like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts(文科) graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch, manager of the Boston Red Sox, says that he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,” says Birch.

For a liberal – arts degree, students focus on some basic courses that include literature history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior and a computer course or two. With these useful and important courses, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Scheetz.

The job market is in great need of people with          .

A. special training in special fields       B. a bachelor’s degree in education

C. formal schooling and work experience     D. an MBA degree from top universities

The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means         .

A. an MBA degree does not help in future promotion

B. MBA programs will not be as popular as they are now

C. people will not forget the degree the MBA graduates have got

D. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a foundation

David Birch says that he only hires liberal – arts people because          .

A. they will follow others’ ways of solving problems

B. they can do better in bundling changing situations

C. they are well trained in a variety of specialized fields

D. they have attended special programs in management

The author supports the idea that          .

A. on – the – job training is less costly in the long run

B. formal schooling is less important than job training

C. specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists

D. generalists will do better than specialists in management