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We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
【小题1】According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?
| A．Taking buses. | B．Buying houses. |
| C．Flying with an airline. | D．Visiting amusement parks. |
| A．the necessity of patience in queuing |
| B．the advantage of modern technology |
| C．the uncertainty of allocation principle |
| D．the fairness of telephonic services |
| A．justify paying for faster services |
| B．discuss the morals of allocating things |
| C．analyze the reason for standing in line |
| D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping |
We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers，buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子)，or purchasing line?cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come，first served，”have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it’s the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously.Today，some people’s calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to“score”incomings calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non?market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue?jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors’offices，and national parks—are recent developments，scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
1.According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle“First come，first served”？
A．Taking buses.
B．Buying houses.
C．Flying with an airline.
D．Visiting amusement parks.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates________.
A．the necessity of patience in queuing
B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle
D．the fairness of telephonic services
3.The passage is meant to________.
A．justify paying for faster services
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．analyze the reason for standing in line
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping
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| 完形填空。 | ||||
| The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a 5 about what they have learned. Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to learn real-life skills that 9 responsibility, problem-solving, and working as part of a team. 10 , students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month. 12 there are many benefits, opponents (反对者) 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an individual's freedom to choose. In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore different careers. 18 , I don' t believe you should force people to help others-the 19 to help must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility, and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely. | ||||
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原创（六）
Laugh and Smile Your Way to Health
How much do you laugh and smile during the day? Do you take your life and your illness or injury so 36 that there is no room for joy to fill you? Want a totally free, simple way to increase your 37 and your health with no medicine needed? Then laughing and smiling is 38 to you
So laugh your way to happiness. 39 it takes to put a smile on your face is what you should be doing.
Research shows that laughing can increase the immune system, 40 the body to stay disease free and fight colds and the flu.
If you are facing an illness , having a positive life opinion and a 41 of humor will keep your body open to healing. If you are healthy, laughing will help to make sure you stay that way, and can 42 enjoyment to your work and home life and 43 your daily stress.
Certainly, it can be 44 to keep a positive opinion of life all the time. Simply taking the time to 45 on the positive and treat for the good things 46 in your life can help 47 , but if you are struggling with negative emotions that you just can’t seem to 48 , there are tools that can help.
There are so many things out there to smile about and 49 you have to do is find 50 . Practice looking for the bright 51 of every situation. Avoid the negative：don't 52 yourself with your own problems—or 53 others for their "shortcomings." And don’t pay no attention to the joy in everyday things. Create your own "Laugh for Health" 54 —anything to add to your collection and to give you fresh materials that 55 to you.
36.A. proudly B.seriously C.carefully D.freely
37. A.burdens B.spirits C.loads D.values
38. A.beneficial B.changeable C.suitable D.harmful
39. A.However B.Whenever C.Whatever D.Whichever
40.A.helping B.making C.letting D.causing
41. A.taste B.sense C.knowledge D.joy
42. A.adjust B.adapt C.apply D.add
43. A.improve B.arise C.cancel D.reduce
44. A.hard B.awful C.energetic D.helpful
45. A.concentrate B.put C.focus D.interview
46. A.carefully B.thankfully C.particularly D.differently
47..A.remarkably B.accidentally C.frequently D.purposefully
48.A.seek B.stress C.accept D. overcome
49. A.all B.that C.how D.why
50. A.it B.that C.this D.one
51. A.side B.plan C.aspect D.future
52.A.depend B.abandon C.load D.ban
53.A.praise B.miss C.approve D. blame
54. A.ambition B.summary C.message D.collection
55.A. appeal B.apply C.center D.assume
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
This year’s Cannes Film Festival threw actress Fan Bingbing into the international spotlight– thanks to her performance on the red carpet, not on the big screen． 36 a string of fancy dresses may have impressed many, the film featuring her -– director Wang Xiaoshuai’s Chongqing Blues–failed to take home an award．
Chongqing Blues, based on a real story, is about a captain and 37 (Wang Xueqi) who has been 38 with work __39___ neglects his family．When he learns that his son was killed by police because of a kidnapping, he goes 40 from Rizhao to Chongqing to discover the truth, while reflecting on his own faults during the trip．
In the judges’ eyes, 41 , the film was just not artsy enough．In an interview with sina.com after the award presentation, Wang Xiaoshuai admitted that the main reason why the film 42 was because it was a bit too commercial for the judges．“Yes, it’s a pity．But a film can’t just fulfill a director’s ambition．It should also 43 a market, and keep the investors’ needs 44 , ” Wang said．“So, we had to add some commercial elements into this film.”
Wang Xiaoshuai and the main actors 45 Wang Xueqi and Fan Bingbing in this film, have got a modest attitude．“We didn’t 46 too much when we came,” said Fan in a press conference．“This time we’ve 47 great communication with filmmakers around the world–that’s what we came here for.”
A．While B．When C．Because D．For
A．father B．mother C．teacher D．doctor
A．angry B．busy C．familiar D．popular
A．and B．then C．so D．or
A．in no way B．by the way C．all the way D．in the way
A．meanwhile B．fortunately C．therefore D．however
A．lost B．succeeded C．won D．missed
A．take to B．take on C．appeal to D．apply for
A．out of mind B．in mind C．never mind D．to mind
A．as B．like C．such that D．so that
A．expect B．think C．hope D．wish
A．made B．founded C．built D．established
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