摘要：18岁的年轻人被认为度过了有意义的学业间断年.当他/她--. ［A］ 达到父母的期望 ［B］ 无所事事 ［C］ 通过花父母的钱学会技能 ［D］ 自己谋生并获得工作经验 ［精解］ 答案D本题考查推理引申.第四段首句提到.学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候.第四段后面部分进一步进行阐述.由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟.并不能使孩子真正成熟.无所事事的行为也没有收获.行动的安排者应是学生自己.第五段举了两个截然不同的例子.前者遵照父母的安排.后者自食其力.因此.［D］项符合题意. 全文翻译 与度过了充满刺激的学业间断年的孩子的父母交谈.他们的眼神中会有一种含糊不清的东西.这一年中有一些危机.即使是目的明确.很有条理的学生.在间断年期间也需要家庭从经济上.情感上和体力上给予帮助.父母眼中的含糊不仅仅是因为让他们的孩子成熟起来的美好经历.也是因为他们自己间接感受到的生活方式.我们多希望大学前的间断年在我们那个时代就已经很时兴了.现在.我们能看着孩子们变得更坚强.更好地准备从上大学中有所收获或者积极地决定他们将做一些除了获得学历之外的事情. 学业间断年现在很时兴.这反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长上.威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片发挥了作用.但这种趋势十年来一直在加强.学业间断年期间的一整套活动从背包旅行开始.包括和慈善团体一起工作.修建医院和学校.以及常见的做语言助教教英语.然而.随着这种趋势而来的也有危险.一旦父母相信那些学业间断年公司介绍的内容.认为精心安排的一个间断年对于想成为本科生的孩子进入更好的大学.获得高学历.得到令人印象深刻的简历和待遇良好的工作是至关重要的.那么他们就会开始组织并资助间断年期间的活动. 按照学业间断年公司综合机构“走出学业间断年团体 的负责人理查德•奥利弗埃的观点.出现问题往往是因为计划不周.他说.“这可能是公司或学生的责任.但是最保险的方法是作好审慎的准备.当人们把它搞砸时.往往是因为健康问题.尤其是女孩.因为她们从未离开过家.或者期望与现实不符 . 学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候.如果由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟.那么他们不会真地变成熟.如果18岁时变成熟的方式是在伦敦汉普斯泰德石南园中无所事事地晒太阳.或者花上一年时间和康沃尔郡的渔夫一起工作.那么对于后者来说将是有所收获的.然而.多数人还是认为进行某种安排是有利的.而且行动的安排者应是学生自己. 如果18岁的年轻人两周前得到父母的通知.被送去加拿大花5,800英镑学习成为一名滑雪教练.回来后可能只会留下很少的感觉.同样的18岁的年轻人.先通过工作赚钱.再用一年中剩下的时间在从新西兰到瑞士的多个避暑胜地执教.回来后申请大学.这样的经历则是完全不同的积极的做法. Part B Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Between 5,000 million and 4,000 million years ago the Earth was formed. By 3,000 million years ago life had arisen and we have fossils of microscopic bacteria?like creatures to prove it. (21) ----. Nobody knows what happened, but theorists agree that the key was the spontaneous arising of self?replicating entities, i.e. something equivalent to “genes in the general sense. The atmosphere of the early Earth probably contained gases still abundant today on other planets in the solar system. Chemists have experimentally reconstructed these ancientconditions in the laboratory. If plausible gases are mixed in a flask with water, and energy is added by an electric discharge , organic substances are spontaneously synthesized. These include the building blocks of RNA and DNA. It seems probable that something like this happened on the early Earth. Consequently, the sea would have become a “soup of prebiological organic compounds. (22)----. Today the most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widely thought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life because its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, which could not have been available before evolution itself began. DNA has been described as a “high?tech molecule which probably arose some time after the origin of life itself. Perhaps the related molecule RNA, which still plays various vital roles in living cells, was the original self?replicating molecule. Or perhaps the primordial replicator was a different kind of molecule altogether. (23) ----. Variants that were particularly good at replication would automatically have come to predominate in the primeval soup. Varieties that did not replicate, or that did so inaccurately, would have become relatively less numerous. This led to ever?increasing efficiency among replicating molecules. As the competition between replicating molecules warmed up, success must have gone to the ones that happened to hit upon special tricks or devices for their own self?preservation and their own rapid replication. The rest of evolution may be regarded as a continuation of the natural selection of replicator molecules, now called genes, by virtue of their capacity to build for themselves efficient devices (cells and multicellular bodies) for their own preservation and reproduction. (24)----. Fossils were not laid down on more than a small scale until the Cambrian era, nearly 600 million years ago. The first vertebrates may date back 530 million years, according to fossil evidence-primitive, jawless fishes with fins, gills, and fish?like muscle patterns-found in China in 1999. Vertebrates appear abundantly in fossil beds between 300 and 400 million years ago. (25)----. Mammals and, later, birds, arose from two different branches of reptiles. The rapid divergence of mammals into the rich variety of types that we see today, from opossums to elephants, from anteaters to monkeys, seems to have been unleashed into the vacuum left by the catastrophic extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million years ago. \[A\] Among vertebrates, the land was first colonized by lobe?finned and lung?bearing fish about 250 million years ago, then by amphibians and, in more thoroughgoing fashion, by various kinds of animals that we loosely lump together as “reptiles . \[B\] Once self?replicating molecules had been formed by chance, something like Darwinian natural selection could have begun: variation would have come into the population because of random errors in copying. \[C\] It is not enough, of course, that organic molecules appeared in the primeval soup. The crucial step, as noted above, was the origin of self?replicating molecules, molecules capable of copying themselves. \[D\] Although we naturally emphasize the evolution of our own kind-the vertebrates, the mammals, and the primates-these constitute only a small branch of the great tree of life. \[E\]When the environment changes, or when organisms move to a different environment, different variations are selected, leading eventually to different species. Harmful mutations usually die out quickly, so they don?t interfere with the process of beneficial mutations accumulating. \[F\] Three thousand million years is a long time, and it seems to have been long enough to have produced such astonishingly complex contrivances as the vertebrate body and the insect body. \[G\]Some time between these two dates-independent molecular evidence suggests about 4,000 million years ago-that mysterious event, the origin of life, must have occurred.［748 words］ 核心词汇 by/in virtue of 凭借,由于.因为 例:He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young.他因年幼而获得免费. / She became a British citizen by virtue of her marriage.她借助婚姻成了英国公民. extinction n. ［U］ *①灭绝.绝种 例:be threatened with extinction濒临灭绝 ②遭毁灭.消失.消亡 hit on/upon ① 突然想出 例:In this way we hit upon over 20 useful methods of work.就这样我们想出了20多种有用的工作方法. *② 偶然发现 例: At last she hit upon a room that suited them nicely.最后她找到了一间适合他们使用的房间. in more thoroughgoing fashion以更彻底的方式,in a... fashion以--方式 例:Leave the building in an orderly fashion.要有秩序地走出楼去. interfere with *① 妨碍.打扰 例:Don?t allow pleasure to interfere with duty.不要让娱乐妨碍了职责. ② 干扰 lay down ① 放下 例:The general told the troops to lay down their arms.将军命令部队放下武器. ② ［常用被动态］阐述.声明.规定 例:It is laid down that all applicants must sit a written exam.根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试. ③ 开始建造,开始做 例:Crick and Watson laid down the foundations of modern genetic research.克里克和沃森为现代遗传学研究奠定了基础. *④ 沉积形成 超纲词汇 anteater n.食蚁兽, 食蚁动物 contrivance n. *① 发明.发明物.发明的才能 ② 计谋.诡计 DNA 脱氧核糖核酸.deoxyribonucleic acid的缩写.指细胞核内携带基因信息的物质.具有双螺旋结构 gill n. *① 鱼鳃 ② 菌褶 lobe n. *① 肉垂.圆形的突出物 ② 耳垂 ③ 叶 mutation n.突变.变异 opossum n. 尾有卷握力的小有袋动物.负鼠 primeval a. *① 太古的.太初的(地球或宇宙存在的最早期) ② 原始的.远古的 例:a primeval forest一片原始森林 primordial a. *① 太古的.太初的.自原始时代的 例:primordial soup原生浆液(地球上生命开始之前存在的物质.气体等混合物) ② 形式最简单的.基本的 例:primordial passions最基本的情感 RNA 核糖核酸.ribonucleic acid的缩写.指存在于生物细胞以及部分病毒.类病毒中的遗传信息载体.将DNA携带的遗传信息转移至蛋白质中.并参与其他细胞内的化学反应 self?replicating a. 自我复制的 synthesized a. ① 组合的.综合的 *② 人工合成的 vertebrate n. 脊椎动物 长难句分析 Today the most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), but it is widely thought that DNA itself could not have been present at the origin of life because its replication is too dependent on support from specialized machinery, which could not have been available before evolution itself began. 该句是一个由but连接的并列句.前一个分句较简单.主干为The most famous self?replicating molecule is DNA... .后一个分句结构复杂.嵌套了多层从句.其主干是it is widely thought that...,it为形式主语.真主语是that引导的从句,because引导了一个较长的原因状语从句.其中又嵌套了which...非限定性定语从句做 machinery 的后置定语,from... 介词短语后置修饰support. 语篇分析 本文的选材领域是生命科学.作者介绍了自我复制分子在生命起源与动物进化中的重要作用.它是一篇事理说明文.大体按照时间顺序展开介绍.全文总计五段.可分成三大部分. 全文的写作顺序:第一至三段主要围绕生命起源的关键:自我复制分子展开介绍,第四段是过渡段.指出从自我复制分子到复杂生物体的出现.自然选择发挥了关键作用.第五段围绕脊椎动物的进化过程展开介绍.因此作者大体按照时间先后顺序安排全文内容.

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