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Last year, CCTV journalists approached pedestrians with their cameras, held a microphone to their mouth and asked a simple question, “Are you happy?”
The question has caught many interviewees off guard. Even Mo Yan, who just won a Nobel Prize, responded by saying, “I don’t know”.
While the question has become a buzz phrase and the Internet plays host to heated discussions, we ask: What exactly is happiness? And how do you measure it?
In the 1776 US Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson set in writing the people’s unalienable right to “Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness”. 235 years on, Wen Jiabao told the nation, “Everything we do is aimed at letting people live more happily.” At National People’s Congress, officials agreed that increasing happiness would be a top target for the 12th five-year plan.
US psychologist Ed Diener, author of Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, describes happiness as “ a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than negative emotions”, according to US broadcasting network PBS. This may sound straightforward enough, but it still doesn’t explain what determines people’s happiness.
Many argue that happiness is elusive and that there is no single source. It also means different things to different people. For some, happiness can be as simple as having enough cash.
Researchers believe happiness can be separated into two types: daily experiences of hedonic (享乐的) well-being; and evaluative well-being, the way people think about their lives as a whole. The former refers to the quality of living, whereas the latter is about overall happiness, including life goals and achievements. Happiness can cross both dimensions.
Li Jun, a psychologist and mental therapy practitioner at a Beijing clinic, says, “Happiness can mean both the most basic human satisfaction or the highest level of spiritual pursuit. It’s a simple yet profound topic.”
Chen Shangyuan, 21, a junior English major at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said his idea of happiness always evolves. “At present it relates to how productive I am in a day,” he said. “It might be linked to job security or leisure time after I graduate.”
Then there is the question of measuring happiness. Does it depend on how many friends we have, or whether we own the latest smart phone? Is it even quantifiable?
Economists are trying to measure happiness in people’s lives. Since 1972, Bhutan’s GDP measurement has been replaced by a Gross National Happiness index. It is calculated according to the peoples’ sense of being well-governed, their relationship with the environment, their satisfaction with economic development, and their sense of national belonging.
In 2009, US economist Joseph Stiglitz proposed “to shift emphasis from measuring economic production to measuring people’s well-being”. But is well-being more easily measured?
1. In the second paragraph, the writer gave an example to ________.
A. support his idea that being famous is the reason to be happy
B. introduce his topic to be discussed
C. tell people winning a Nobel Prize is a great honor
D. show that the question was quite difficult
2.From what Thomas Jefferson and Wen Jiabao mentioned in the passage, we know ________.
A. people’s happiness is determined by great people
B. people’s happiness is an important target for the development of a country
C. people in all countries have the right to ask the government for a happy life
D. people both in China and America are living a happy life
3.According to the passage, the writer may most likely agree that ________.
A. CCTV journalists are concerned about people’s happiness out of sympathy
B. the question has led to heated discussions about who are the happiest people in China
C. Bhutan’s new index shows that people there are the happiest in the world
D. it is not easy for us to decide what determines people’s happiness
4.What does the underlined word “elusive” in the sixth paragraph mean?
A. available. B. easy to get. C. hard to describe. D. unimaginable.
5.The best title of the passage is ________.
A. Are you happy? B. The Measurement of Happiness
C. GDP and Happiness D. The Secret of Happiness
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Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch? Have yon been doing internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?
A study into how lazy British people are has found men than half of adults are so lazy they'd catch the lift rather than climb two fights of stairs.
Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health．Britain’s largest health charity. The results were astonishing．
About one in six people surveyed said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus．Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it'8 no wonder that one in six children m the UK are classified as obese （very fat） before they start school．
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said: "People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake．but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too.
“If we don’t start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary of tasks.”
And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the mo．t inactive city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting they do not get enough exercise, follow．d closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%．
The results cause serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady crease for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year．
1．What causes children in the UK to be, obese?
A．Eating ready meal B．Watching TV
C．Doing Internet shopping D．Being lazy
2．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．British people are too lazy to do anything．
B．internet shopping will do harm to your health．
C．Many people would not run to catch a bus in Britain．
D．People should be more active and take regular exercise to keep fit．
3．Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
A．One sixth of British people use remote control when watching TV．
B．People will benefit not only themselves but their families by getting fit．
C．Fatness can cause diseases such as heart disease and cancer．
D．More people get obesity-related illnesses now than 40 years ago．
4．What does the underlined word rudimentary most probably mean?
A．basic B．serious C．vital D．hard
5．All the following are among the most lazy cities in the UK except _____．
A．Glasgow B．Birmingham C．Nuffield D．Southampton
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Several days ago, a Beijing-based IT com??pany fired about 400 people overnight. No one had expected the job cuts, which broke with traditional ways of letting go of workers in Chi??na. Moreover, what was special about this case was that the day before the 400 were fired, they all received from their boss a gift—the book “Who Moved My Cheese?”
The book—a bestseller in the US—is being used by men and women to deal with changes in their lives and work. Some large organizations, including Coca-Cola, Kodak and General Mo??tors, ask their employees to read it in order to encourage them to be active towards changes.
Cheese is something related to everyone’s livelihood—our jobs, the Industries we work in, relationships and love as well.
With China’s official entry into the WTO, the whole nation will face more changes and cha??llenges. So what should we do once this “cheese” on which we are so dependent is moved?
whatever challenges and changes we meet, we should face up to them bravely, Jiang Hengwei, a civil servant said after reading the book.
Professor Zhang Yang in Renmin University of China agrees. “We should change our way of thinking. The coming competitive foreign com??panies and products provide us with great chances to learn from them and improve our own products to meet international standards and be more competitive.”
“With hard work and wisdom, we will create a much larger and better piece of cheese.” Zhang smiled confidently.
The whole passage is about _______.
A. people’s opinions about a bestseller of the US
B. what people think about China’s entry into the WTO
C. the change in people’s attitude towards changes and challenges
D. how a book influences the Chinese
The company in Beijing gave each of the 400 fired workers a copy of “Who Moved My Cheese” in order to _______.
A. be more competitive with foreign firms
B. find an excuse for their job cuts
C. let the workers make a living on their own
D. encourage the fired workers
The word “cheese” in the passage can refer to _______.
A. something we depend on for a living
B. a most important kind of food
C. change or challenge
D. way of life
From what Hengwei and Professor Zhang Yang said, we can know that _______.
A. they have different opinions on changes and challenges
B. people are not afraid of competition from foreign companies
C. the Chinese people are ready to face any changes and challenges
D. they are both greatly encouraged by the book
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1.Most of the buildings were completely d____________ in the Wenchuan earthquake and the city was in ruins.
2.This kind of overcoat is worth buying. It is of good q_____________and in good design.
3.Mo Yan, who has d_____________ his whole life to writing novels, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.
4.Because of f______________ practice, he became more and more experienced in playing basketball.
5.He was the only one of the soldiers who s______________ the war, while the rest were dead.
6.Several months ago, President Obama _____________ (上台、掌权) again, and he will serve four more years as the president of the USA.
7.Guided by the American Dream, lots of people went to American _____________ (寻找) freedom, work and wealth.
8.______________(作为回报) for the gift, Amber Room, the Czar sent Frederick William I a troop of his best soldiers.
9.Most of the classmates _______________ (高度评价) Michael though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.
10.After _____________ (经历) so many difficulties, she learned to face life bravely.
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