Preface

Science is a dominant(占优势的) theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

 This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive（普遍的；深入的）in our culture.

 We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

 We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means

A  cultural groups that are formed by scientists. B  people whose knowledge of science is very limited.

C  the scientific community.    D  people who make good contribution to science.

We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because

A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

B Science affects almost every aspect of our life.

C Scientists live in a specific subculture.  D It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who

A are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

B are good at producing various gadgets.

C work in a storehouse of dried facts.    D want to have a superficial understanding of science.

According to this passage,

A English is a sexist language.  B only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

C women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

D male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

This passage most probably is

A. book review. B the preface of a book.  C the postscript of a book.  D the concluding part of a book.

Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. Without being told about options for diabetes, she said. “Doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.”
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know at they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past — and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn., which ranks 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re going to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you’re going to have to talk to them at virtually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them about, find progress in some aspect of their care and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that heavy people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
61．What is most probably the Stop Obesity Alliance, as in Paragraph 3?
A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.
B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D．A research group dealing with doctor – patient relationship.
62．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A．About 350.             B．About 390.      C．About 900.             D．1,000.
63．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?
A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
64．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C．Most patients are too weak – willed to do anything about their weight.
D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
65．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Obesity in the U.S.
B．Trouble of overweight Americans
C．Talk more, help better
D．Doctors or patients – who to bear more blame?

Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?

The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.

So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. Without being told about options for diabetes, she said. “Doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.”

The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know at they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.

Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past — and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.

Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn., which ranks 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re going to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you’re going to have to talk to them at virtually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them about, find progress in some aspect of their care and coach them,” he said.

He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be optimistic.

“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that heavy people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”

61．What is most probably the Stop Obesity Alliance, as in Paragraph 3?

A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.

B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.

C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.

D．A research group dealing with doctor – patient relationship.

62．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

A．About 350.             B．About 390.      C．About 900.             D．1,000.

63．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.

B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.

C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.

D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.

64．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.

B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.

C．Most patients are too weak – willed to do anything about their weight.

D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.

65．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Obesity in the U.S.

B．Trouble of overweight Americans

C．Talk more, help better

D．Doctors or patients – who to bear more blame?

Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?

The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don't know what to say.

So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there，said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop_Obesity_Alliance.Without being told about options for diabetes, she said，“Doctors don't feel they have good information to give.They felt they didn't have adequate tools to address this problem.”

The lack of dialogue hurts patients，too.The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults，found that most overweight patients don't even know that they' re too heavy.Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.

Of those who were told they were obese,90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight，the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past—and many are still trying，the survey found.And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity?related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.

Dr. William Bestermann Jr.，medical director of Holston Medical Group，in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States，said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem.“If you're to be successful with helping your patients lose weight，you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress，and find something to encourage them and coach them，” he said.

He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.

“Part of this is that there's this common belief，and doctors are burdened by it，too，that overweight people are weakwilled and just don't have any willpower and are self?indulgent and all that business，”he said.“If you think that way, you're not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”

1．What is the“Stop Obesity Alliance”most probably in Paragraph 3?

A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.

B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.

C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.

D．A research group dealing with doctor?patient relationship.

2．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

A．About 350.　　　　　　　B．About 390.

C．About 900.　　　　　　 D．1,000.

3．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.

B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.

C．Without their doctors' constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.

D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.

4．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.

B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.

C．Most patients are too weak?willed to do anything about their weight.

D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.

5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Obesity in the US

B．Trouble of Overweight Americans

C．Talk More，Help Better

D．Doctors or Patients—Who to Bear More Blame?

Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?

    The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.

So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. Without being told about options for diabetes, she said. “Doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.”

The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know at they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.

Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past — and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases like hypertension and diabetes.

Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn., which ranks 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re going to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you’re going to have to talk to them at virtually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them about, find progress in some aspect of their care and coach them,” he said.

He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be optimistic.

“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that heavy people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”

61．What is most probably the Stop Obesity Alliance, as in Paragraph 3?

       A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.

       B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.

       C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.

       D．A research group dealing with doctor – patient relationship.

62．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

       A．About 350.             B．About 390.      C．About 900.             D．1,000.

63．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

       A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.

       B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.

       C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.

       D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.

64．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

       A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.

       B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.

       C．Most patients are too weak – willed to do anything about their weight.

       D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.

65．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

       A．Obesity in the U.S.

       B．Trouble of overweight Americans

       C．Talk more, help better

       D．Doctors or patients – who to bear more blame?