Do you know blood types?

Special care must be taken in selecting new blood for a badly injured person, who would be killed by the transfusion (输血) if the blood is too different from his own.

There are four basic types of blood A. B. A B. and O. Blood type, like hair and height, comes from parents. Basically, A and B can not be mixed. AB, sometimes called the universal recipient (万能受血者), may receive A or B,. O type, often called the universal donor (万能输血者), gives his blood to any other group. Patients usually receive nothing, but salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality (国籍). Among Europeans, about 42 % have type A while 45 % have type O. The fewest is the type B.

1.Which of the following show the correct relationship in blood transfusion ("→"means giving blood to...)?

A．                 B．                 C．                 D．

2.Usually person who has been injured and lost too much blood should be given a blood transfusion______.

A．after he receives salt and plasma　          B．before he feels uncomfortable

C．when the new blood fits his body　         D．as soon as accident happens

3.From this passage we can know that among Europeans ______ 13 % have the type B.

A. about 　　B. no more than 　　C. less than 　　D. at most

　Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile (爬行动物) species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger or dying out.

　　European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.

　　“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,” he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.

　　“We forget that they are the guarantee (保证) of life systems, on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”

59. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that ____ .

　A. wildlife needs more protection only in Britain

　B. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out

　C. there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere

　D. many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting

60. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?

　A. Because he needed to present it with a council's diploma.

　B. Because he was concerned about its management.

　C. Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.

　D. Because it was the only park that had ever received a diploma from the council.

61. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that ____ .

　A. people should make every effort to create more environment areas

　B. people would go on protecting national parks

　C. certain areas of the countryside should be left intact (完整的)

　D. people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks

62.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　A. We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.

　B. We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.

　C. People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.

　D. We should destroy all the built-up areas.

Fat and shy，Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football，tennis，cricket—anything with a round ball，I was useless，” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire，England.

It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually，Saunders set up his mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18，he ran his first marathon.

 The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland，where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested，Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures，then decided that this would be his future.

　　In 2001，after becoming a skillful skier，Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite，ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit，pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.

　　Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole，and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.

Next October，Saunders，27，heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back，a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.

Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?

    a. He ran his first marathon.

 b. He skied alone in the North Pole.

　  c. He rode his bike in a forest

.d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.

　A. a-c-d-b  B. c-d-a-b  C. a-c-b-d  D. c-a-b-d

The underlined word “exploits” is closest in meaning to______

  A. journeys   B. operations   C.  researches    D. adventures

The story mainly tell us about Saunders that he is______

A. a good instructor at school   B .the best British skier

C. Ridgway’s favorite student   D. a success in sports

Ben Saunders______after he was 15 years old .

  A. become good at most sports.    B. began to build up his body.

  C. made friends with a runner.     D. joined a sports team