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Even if we have an extremely healthy diet and lifestyle, the human body is programmed to wear out at a maximum of about 120 years, and usually less. We all have a biological clock inside us which determines the moment when our organs cease to function properly. This is because our cells have stopped renewing themselves and our body can no longer repair itself. This is also the moment when we are more likely to begin to suffer from the diseases of old age such as arthritis and Alzheimer’s. However, rapid advances in DNA research are beginning to throw light on the secrets of the ageing process. By the end of this century we could literally have the power of life over death.
Although it has long been accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan, it is also a fact that certain other organisms, such as reptiles and amphibians, appear to live indefinitely. The only reason we do not see 500-year-old alligators is because in the wild their lives are always in danger, from man, from pollution and from other animals. When they are kept in zoos they do not seem to age at all after they are fully grown. The same is true of some species of fish, which grow indefinitely and show no signs of ageing. The existence of animals with no fixed lifespan seems to indicate that an age gene really does exist. It is this gene which scientists are searching for, which may delay or repair damage to the body caused by ageing.
Another new area of research involves the oxidation(氧化) theory, which says that ageing is caused by the same process that makes iron rust. In controlled experiments, the lifespans of certain animals were shown to be lengthened with anti-oxidants; for example, the lifespan of mice can be increased by 30%. Antioxidants are already being used in face creams and other cosmetics, and they are likely to play an important part in keeping people physically young.
Perhaps the most immediate advance we are likely to see in the battle to halt(停止)the ageing process will be organ replacement. By the year 2020 it is likely that we will be replacing injured bones or even organs like livers and kidneys with ones “grown” in laboratories. By 2050 perhaps every organ in the body, except the brain, will have become commercially available. Recent experiments also show that it may one day be possible to “grow” new organs inside our body to replace worn-out ones, something which lizards and alligators already do.
Suddenly immortality(不死,不朽) seems within reach. We can begin to imagine a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die. But do we really want to live forever?
【小题1】 When all humans reach a certain age, .
| A.they suffer the effects of their diet and lifestyle |
| B.the organs stop to perform appropriately |
| C.their cells continue to renew themselves |
| D.they develop arthritis and Alzheimer’s |
| A.alligators are in danger in the wild because of the threat from man, pollution and other animals |
| B.it is widely accepted that humans have a fixed lifespan |
| C.there exists an age gene which may control ageing |
| D.the age gene damages the body |
| A.live for a period of time without a fixed end |
| B.live without a clear aim |
| C.live in an uncertain way |
| D.live without being fully grown |
| A.by 2050 we might have most of our worn-out organs replaced with new ones commercially |
| B.never can the ageing process be avoided |
| C.livers and kidneys are sure to be grown in laboratories by the year 2020 |
| D.lizards and alligators grow new organs inside their body to replace worn-out ones |
| A.DNA researches show how our cells renew themselves. |
| B.Anti-oxidants are likely to play an important part in keeping people young. |
| C.How our biological clock works? |
| D.Eternal(永恒的) youth: new developments in anti-ageing research. |
| A.a future where we are born, we grow to maturity, but we never grow old and die is on its way |
| B.he is uncertain whether we can live forever |
| C.it remains to be seen whether immortality is a blessing or a curse |
| D.immortality is no longer a dream |
As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gestures and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make that impression a good one.
First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Opening your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open.
Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angle (角度) expresses discomfort and distrust. Tow of the most common defensive (防卫的) signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them.
Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don’t overdo it, as too much eye contact or staring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored or rude.
【小题1】The purpose of the first paragraph is to tell readers .
| A.what a good first impression is |
| B.how to make a good first impression |
| C.how long it takes to make a first impression |
| D.the importance of making a good first impression |
| A.Cross your arms or legs. |
| B.Open your coat or jacket when sitting down. |
| C.Go into the room more slowly than usual. |
| D.Avoid looking at the eyes of the interviewer directly. |
| A.you are very bored | B.you are too nervous |
| C.you don’t have confidence | D.you don’t trust others |
| A.How to use body language to win an interview |
| B.How to answer questions in an interview |
| C.How to understand body language |
| D.How to deal with an interviewer |
As soon as you meet, or even see, a person, you form an impression of him based on his posture, gestures and facial expressions. This is why it is important to make a good first impression on the person who will be interviewing you. Within the first 60 seconds of meeting you, the interviewer will have formed an impression about what type of person you are and what kind of employee you would become, and 55% of this will be based only on your body language. Here are some tips to make that impression a good one.
First of all, relax. Think positive thoughts and you are more likely to come across as a positive, confident person during the interview. Dress smartly, as your appearance is one of the first things an interviewer will notice you. Stand up straight, and walk in with your shoulders back and your head up. Try to avoid slowing down as you walk into the room because this suggests fear and uncertainty. Shake hands with the interviewer firmly. You should have a positive handshake and a warm smile. Opening your coat or jacket as you sit down shows that you, too, are open.
Posture is important. You should be sitting well back in your seat. Sit up straight and lean forward slightly, but not too much. Sitting at too much of an angle (角度) expresses discomfort and distrust. Tow of the most common defensive (防卫的) signals are crossing your arms and legs, so try to avoid them.
Another important issue is eye contact. Looking someone in the eye shows confidence in yourself and trust in the other person. However, don’t overdo it, as too much eye contact or staring will make the other person uncomfortable. Use more eye contact when listening than when talking, and when you look away, look down. Looking up at the ceiling will make you seem bored or rude.
1.The purpose of the first paragraph is to tell readers .
|
A.what a good first impression is |
|
B.how to make a good first impression |
|
C.how long it takes to make a first impression |
|
D.the importance of making a good first impression |
2.Which of the following does the author advise you to do when you are being interviewed?
|
A.Cross your arms or legs. |
|
B.Open your coat or jacket when sitting down. |
|
C.Go into the room more slowly than usual. |
|
D.Avoid looking at the eyes of the interviewer directly. |
3.If you lean forward too much, it means .
|
A.you are very bored |
B.you are too nervous |
|
C.you don’t have confidence |
D.you don’t trust others |
4.What is the best title for the text?
|
A.How to use body language to win an interview |
|
B.How to answer questions in an interview |
|
C.How to understand body language |
|
D.How to deal with an interviewer |
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The researcher organized an experimental tournament(联赛;锦标赛)including four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted(转变)to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkable high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average,17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum(合适的)distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical(关键).
1.The findings of the experiment show that ________.
A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will ?errors occur
D. errors are less likely when a referee staying in one spot
2.The underlined word “officials” most probably refers to ________.
A. the researchers involved in the experiment
B. the inspectors of the football tournament
C. the referees of the football tournament
D. the observers at the site of the experiment
3.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.
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Garbage is unwanted or unusable materials. As long as there are people on the planet,there will be garbage Garbage is directly linked to human development,both technologically and socially.The composition of waste has yared Over time and location,with industrlal development.Examples of this include plastics.Some garbage has economical value and can be recycled once correctly recovered.
For most of us, "out of s
ight,out of mind": throw it away and it`s gone.But imagine what really happens to all the rubbish the world throws away.Now suddenly,the government is worried about mountains of garbage piling up with no place to put them all.
China`s increasing prosperity and urbanlsm create tons of garbage since the 1980s,causing tons of trouble.The amount of paper,plastic and other garbage has increased more than three times in two decades to about 300 million tons a year.As busy families are shifting from fresh to packaged foods,more garbage is expected.
There are also a huge number of people who go through the garbage to find anything that can be of value and recycled!The recycling is carried out every day when peope come to your house to take away your newspapers and cardboard,plastic and metal items.Every neighborhood has a garbage point.Take a train trip and there are recycling yards all along the tracks in every city. Food waste is collected by farmers to feed animals.
Even though we make an effort to recycle our solid waste,the amount of waste keeps increasing each year.Our biggest problem is where to put the solid waste and how to keep it from polluting our environment.If the solid waste is disposed incorrectly,it can pollute earth`s surface an underground water supplies.Currently,Our municipal waste goes to landfills or garbage dumps.
The waste must be treated to keep rats,flies and other anlmas from building their homes in the landfills.The treatrment also prevents the growth of bacteria that carry diseases.
The government knows such garbage disposal(处理)will always draw complaints.What they need to do is invest more money into bullding and maintaining better evelironment.
66. In the eyes of the author,________.
A.garbage should all be thrown away
B.garbage can all be recycled for its economical value
C.every kind of garbage has its practical value
D.garbage is closely related to the prrogress of society
67.From the second paragraph we can infer that_________.
A.throwing away rubbish is the only way at present
B.mountains of rubbish appear everywhere
C.the government has trouble dealing with rubbish
D.lanudfill treatment is the best way at present
68. In the 1980s,the amount of garbage was estimated about _______.
A.300 million tons B.200 million tons
C.100 million tons D.50 million tons
69. The attitude of the author towards recycling waste is
A.unfriendly B.objective C.supportive D.disappointed
70. What will be talked about after the last paragraph?
A.The government will respond to the people`s complaints.
B.Proper ways to deal with rubbish will be found.
C.The government will take measures to control the public.
D.The rubbish mountains will be removed.