摘要：(D) Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. There are numerous reasons for making an adoption plan. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents. In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately. Many of these children are victims of abuse or neglect. Regardless of how children come to need adoption, they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies. Other adoptions may be arranged independently, as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence. In the early 1970s there was a dramatic increase n the number of families seeking to adopt, a condition which persists today. For this reason, the number of those who wish to adopt regularly exceedsthe number of infants available. Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied. A major factor has been the choice of many people to delay the start of a family until later in life. Many of these people, in turn, have found themselves to be less fertile at that time, and so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be fulfilled through adoption. In every state, however, there are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately waiting for parents. The children in this group are usually older and often have special needs. They may require additional care from a parent because of their physical, emotional, or mental disabilities (which may have been caused by abuse, neglect, or medical or genetic factors). Because of their special needs, these children are challenging to rear. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society. In cases of international adoption, Americans have adopted orphaned children from places like Korea, India, and Latin America. United States immigration laws allow such children to reside in the United States through a special visa under which the children are classified as immediate relatives of the adopting family. The laws, regulations, and attitudes toward international add option vary a great deal from one country to another. Because of this, people wishing to adopt should use experienced agencies or organizations in order to adopt a child from another country successfully. 76．What is the most important reason for the adoption boom in the 1970s? A．Adoption came into fashion among young American couples then. B．Many women shoes adoption for fear that their figure might be affected after bearing. C．Many people who married late found they were less fertile. D．The government carried out family planning and many people had to adopt children. 77．By saying “there are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately waiting for parents , the author suggests that . A．few people would like to adopt these children for they are hard to raise B．the children were eager to be loved by their birth parents C．some people would like to adopt them, but these children prefer their birth parents D．their birth parents abandoned them but don’t like other people to adopt them 78．According to the passage, international adoption . A．occurs more often than adoption of American infants B．mostly involves European orphans C．should be done through experienced agencies D．should be banned right away 79．What is the author’s primary concern of writing this passage? A．To tell how to adopt a child. B．To tell why and how Americans adopt children. C．To tell the history of child adoption. D．To tell the significance of adopting children. Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. Both instructors and learners can get benefits from the following learning strategies as long as they are properly made use of in language learning. 80． The information presented in this section focuses on specific conversation, discussion, or presentation skills. The activities are generally self-explanatory, with students expressing opinions, making decisions, solving problems, planning presentations, and so on. Engaged in these activities, students have the possibility of communicating with each other in class. This section also includes lists of expressions used to illustrate different language functions, such as agreeing, disagreeing, and asking for clarity in order to help students expand their knowledge of English. 81． In a speaking or listening course, students’ anxieties can affect their learning. For this reason, it is important to establish a friendly, relaxed classroom environment. It may help students to think of the classroom as a laboratory where they can experiment and take risks with the language. In such circumstances, students should realize that errors are a natural and expected part of learning a language. In addition, one of the goals of this part is to encourage students to examine their own opinions and values while at the same time showing respect for the opinions and values of others. 82． Many of the activities in this section involve the students’ cooperating work in class. Generally, such an activity taken up by four members seem to work the best. Groups of three or five members may also be effective, depending on the activity. The first unit includes guidelines for organizing group work, with students taking on the following roles: leader, reader, summarizer, reporter, and observer. Organizing all activities in this way makes the course truly learner-centered since students must take full responsibility for carrying out each activity. As for seating, group members should arrange their seats or chairs in a small circle to encourage interaction. 83． Being a teacher, in the course of group activities, you should circulate from group to group, which helps ensure that students are on task and are using English. While you should not participate in pair or group activities, you need to stay involved in what the students are doing. One important reason to circulate during activities is to keep track of the kinds of problems students have, such as grammatical accuracy, fluency, word choice, pronunciation and intonation, discussion strategies, etc. However, it is generally not effective to correct students’ errors when they are involved in an activity The most practical way to deal with communication problems is to make notes of what you observe as you are circulating. You can then use this information to provide feedback after the activity or to develop future lessons. 84． At the beginning of the course, when they need to build up their confidence, students benefit most from encouragement and positive comment. If possible, you’d rather not grade the students’ first few efforts at speaking in a group or to the class. Many students suffer such anxiety in speaking situations that any criticism at this stage can have the opposite effects. Commenting on students’ work does not necessarily mean grading them on the scene Even if the programs requires formal grades, you should try to put off assigning grades until later in the term. 第Ⅱ卷

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