“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”

　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard.  “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/

　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.

　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”

1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

　　A. it enables us to recall something from our memory

　　B. it slows down the process of losing our memory

　　C. it helps us understand our memory system better

　　D. it helps us to get back to where we were

2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.

　　A. they rely more on the environment

　　B. they have a wider range of interests

　　C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

　　D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them

3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.

　　A. It will easily get lost

　　B. It is out of your sight

　　C. It’s not clear enough for you to read

　　D. It might get mixed up with other things

4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.

　　A. repetition might help improve our memory

　　B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment

　　C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things

　　D. we should think about something else while doing one thing

5.The passage is mainly about ________.

　　A. the memory system of persons

　　B. a way of encoding and recalling

　　C. the causes of absent-mindedness

　　D. the impression of the environment on memory

“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “ Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/
　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
【小题1】The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从36－55各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中选出最佳选项。

Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face, but I pushed them 37 .My mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready .But the 39 never came.

　　On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 40 at him, confused, scratching my head. “Still can’t speak Chinese?” He 41 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown.”

　　“Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 42 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 43.

　　“Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu,” she said, handing over a $20 bill .I 44 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.

　　I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman .But he 46 my English words and turned to serve the next customer .The laugh of the people behind increased 47 their impatience. With every 48, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger—my blood boiling— 49 me to cry out. “Xian Sheng Yu, please” “Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated .The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned 50 and I ran back home 51  , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket .

　　Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at 52 . Instead , I was the joke , a disgrace (丢脸)to the language.

　　Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 53  , but , in the end the joke is on 54 . Every laugh is a culture 55 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统)fading away.

No one in the US could forget the day, April 14th, 1865, 21　 Abraham Lincoln was shot that night. 22　 a very busy day, the president and his wife went to Ford's Theatre D. C. , 23　 a new play was going to put on.

Near the theatre there lived　 24　 actor named John Wilkes Booth, who was strongly against the 25 though he hadn't fought for the South himself. As the play 26　　 after a moment for a rest, Booth came into the theatre. He walked slowly and quietly 27　 the door through 　28　 he could move into the President's box. He looked 　29　 carefully so as to find the guards 　30　 were protecting the president from the enemy. To his joy, there was none of 　31　 and nobody noticed him. He reached the door quickly and began to hold the gun in his pocket.

　　It was quiet in the theatre. Suddenly a terrible sound 　32 in on the play. It surprised everyone and soon everyone looked 33　 where the sound had just come. Smoke was seen 　34　 from the box, where the 　35　 had enjoyed the play all the night! Soldiers hurried 36　 , but it was too 37　 . The murderer had already jumped from the box 38　 to the stage from which he hurriedly ran out of the 　 39　 .

Lincoln, one of the greatest American presidents, was shot and 　40　 early the next morning.

21.　 A. as　　　　　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　 C. when　　　　　　　 D. how

22.　 A. before　　　　　　　 B. after　　　　　　　　　 C. on　　　　　　　　　　　 D. during

23.　 A. when　　　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　　 C. there　　　　　　　　　　 D. before

24.　 A. 25-years old　　　 B. 25 years old　　　 C. a 25-years-old　　　 D. a 25-year-old
25.　 A. North　　　　　　　 B. South　　　　　　　　 C. the Union　　　　　　 D. slavery

26.　 A. came to a stop　 B. started　　　　　　　 C. lasted　　　　　　　　　 D. ended

27.　 A. towards　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. to　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. up to　　 D. down to

28.　 A. that　　　　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　　 C. where　　　　　　　　　 D. in

29.　 A. around　　　 　　 B. behind　　　　　　　 C. back　　　　　　　　　　 D. forward

30.　 A. which　　　 　　 B. who　　　　　　　　　 C. whom　　　　　　　　　 D. what

31.　 A. guards　　　 　　 B. them　　　　　　　　 C. people　　　　　　　　　 D. soldiers

32.　 A. broke　　　　　　　　 B. came　　　　　　　　 C. flied　　　　　　　　　　 D. went

33.　 A. at　　　　　　　　　　 B. to　　　　　　　　　　 C. up　　　　　　　　　　　 D. down

34.　 A. to come　　　　　　 B. coming　　　　　　　 C. to rise　　　　　　　　　 D. raising

35.　 A. murderer　　　　　 B. guard　　　　　　　　 C. Lincoln　　　　　　　　 D. president

36.　 A. about　　　　　　　　 B. round　　　　　　　　 C. out　　　　　　　　　　　 D. in

37.　 A. noisy　　　　　　　　 B. dark　　　　　　　　　 C. late　　　　　　　　　　　 D. surprise

38.　 A. on　　　　　　　　　　 B. in　　　　　　　　　　　 C. down　　　　　　　　　 D. over

39.　 A. stage　　　　　　　　 B. box　　　　　　　　　 C. gate　　　　　　　　　　 D. theatre

40.　 A. was dead　　　　　 B. had been dead　　 C. had died　　　　　　　 D. died

I was 15 when I walked into McCarley’s Bookstore in Ashland. As I was looking at ___1__on the shelves, the man behind the counter, __2___, asked if I’d like _3__.I came from a poor family and I needed to start _4__for college, so I said yes. I__5_after school and during summers for the lowest wages and the job helped pay for my freshman year of college. I would work many other jobs; I made coffee in the Students Union during college, I was a hotel maid and even made maps for the U. S. Forest Service. But selling books was one of the most__6_. One day a woman asked me for books on cancer. She seemed fearful. I showed her almost _7___we had at that time _8__and found other books we could order. She left the store less__9__. I’ve always remembered the __10___ I felt in having helped her.

　　Years later, as a __11__in Los Angeles, I heard about an immigrant child who was born with his fingers connected. His family could not__12__a corrective operation, and the boy lived in__13__, hiding his hand in his pocket.

　　I _14___ my boss to let me do the story. After my story was broadcast, a doctor and a nurse called, offering to perform the _15___for free.

　　I visited the boy in the recovery room soon after the operation. The first thing he did was to hold up his _16___ hand and say, “Thank you.” I felt a sense of _17___.

In the past, while I was _18_, I always sense I was working for the customers, not the store. Today it’s the same. NBC News pays my salary, ___19___ I feel as if I work for the __20__, helping them make sense of the world.

1. A. maps　 　　　　　　　 B. titles　　 　　　　　　 C. articles　 　　　　　　 D. reports

2. A. the reader　　　　　　 B. the college student　　 C. the shop owner　　　　 D. the customer

3. A. a book　　　　　　　　 B. a job　　　　　　 C. some tea　　　　　　　　 D. any help

4. A. planning　　　　　　　 B. saving　　　　　　　　　　 C. preparing　　　　　　　　 D. studying

5. A. read　 　　　　　　　 B. studied　 　　　　　　 C. cooked　　　　　　　　　　 D. worked

6. A. boring　　　　　　　　 B. surprising　　　　　　　　 C. satisfying　　　　　　　　 D. disappointing

7. A. anything　　　　　　　 B. something　 　　　　　 C. nothing　　　　　　　　　 D. everything

8. A. in need　　　　　　　　 B. in all 　　　　　　　　　　 C. in order　 　　　　　　 D. in store

9. A. worried　　　　　　　 B. satisfied 　　　　　　　 C. excited 　　　　　　　　 D. puzzled

10. A. pride　　　　　　　　　 B. failure　　　　　　　　　　 C. regret　　　　　 　 D. surprise

11. A. doctor 　　　　　　 B. store owner C. bookseller　　　 　　 D. TV reporter

12. A. pay　　　　　　　　　　 B. cost　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. afford 　　　　　　　　　 D. spend

13. A. shame　　　　　　　　 B. honour　　　　　　　　　　 C. horror　　　　　　　　　　 D. danger

14. A. advised　　　　　　　 B. forced　　　　　　　　　　 C. persuaded　　　　　　　　 D. permitted

15. A. action　　　　　　　　 B. program　　　　　　　　　 C. treatment　　　　　　　　 D. operation

16. A. repaired　　　　　　 B. connected　　　　　　　 C. injured　　　　　　　　　　 D. improved

17. A. pleasure B. sadness C. interest D. disappointment

18. A. at the TV station B. in the Students Union　 　

C. at the U. S. Forest Service　　　 D. at McCarley’s Bookstore

19. A. so　　　　　　　　　　 B. and 　　　　　　　　　　 C. but　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. because

20. A. readers　　　　　　　 B. viewers　　　　　　　　　 C. customers　　　　　　　 D. passengers