摘要：82．In the United States, what p of your income is paid in income tax?
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The black ______ in the United States before the Civil War.
- A.looked on as
- B.were looked on as
- C.were looked down upon as
- D.were looked down upon
If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles（蜡烛）. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past twenty years, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes(孔子学院) in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学). Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing(比赛)to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the west, even if his birthday is
- 1.
The opening paragraph is mainly intended to______
- A.provide some key facts about Confucius
- B.attract the readers’ interest in the topic
- C.show great respect for the ancient thinker
- D.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
- A.
- 2.
We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students______
- A.have a great interest in studying Chinese
- B.take an active part in Chinese competitions
- C.try to get high scores in Chinese exams
- D.fight for a chance to learn Chinese
- A.
- 3.
What is the best title for the passage?
- A.Forgotten Wisdom in America
- B.Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
- C.Old Thinker with a Big Future
- D.Chinese Culture for Westerners
- A.
- 4.
The passage is likely to appear in a _______
- A.leaflet
- B.history paper
- C.newspaper
- D.philosophy textbook
- A.
Department stores sell ready- to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, people do not fit exactly into a producer’s size. Their clothing must be altered to make it fit better. However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers.
Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made. The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment.
Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production. It may or may not give them high quality.
- 1.
According to the passage, people who buy ready-made clothing ______.
- A.wish to make alternations
- B.will spend less money
- C.want to make it better
- D.can fit into the sizes
- A.
- 2.
We can learn from the passage that custom-made clothing is_______.
- A.specially made
- B.fashionably designed
- C.chosen by few people
- D.made with difficulties
- A.
- 3.
Which of the following is true about ready-made clothing?
- A.It is of poor quality.
- B.It suits all people.
- C.It is labor-saving to make it.
- D.It takes more time to make it
- A.
- 4.
The purpose of the writer is _______.
- A.to explain why custom-made clothing costs more
- B.to show the advantages of mass production
- C.to tell readers how to make money from ready-made clothing
- D.to provide information about different kinds of clothing
- A.
This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers（young people aged from 13 —19）from all over the world will spend about ten months in U. S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meet U.S. teenagers, and form impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the language began to come to him. The school was completely different from what he had expected — much harder. Students rose respectfully① when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.
Family life, too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.
“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”
At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize② American schools,” he says. “It is far too easy by our level. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”
Notes:
① respectfully adv. 尊敬地，谦恭地
② criticize vt. 批评，责备
Choose the best answers according to the above:
- 1.
This year __ teenagers will take part in the exchange programme between America and other countries.
- A.twenty-three hundred
- B.thirteen hundred
- C.over three thousand
- D.less than two thousand
- A.
- 2.
The whole exchange programme is mainly to __.
- A.help teenagers in other countries know the real America
- B.send students in America to travel in Germany
- C.let students learn something about other countries
- D.have teenagers learn new languages
- A.
- 3.
What is particular in America schools is that __.
- A.there is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings.
- B.there are a lot of outside activities
- C.students usually take fourteen subjects in all
- D.students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car
- A.
- 4.
After experiencing the American school life, Mike thought __.
- A.a better education should include something good from both American and Germany
- B.German schools trained students to be better citizens
- C.American schools were not as good as German schools
- D.the easy life in the American school was more helpful to students
- A.
Obama Still Smokes in Secret
US President Barack Obama has just made life more difficult for cigarette makers. He has just signed a law that will set tough new rules for the tobacco industry. The new law gives the US Food and Drug Administration the power to strictly limit the making and marketing of tobacco products.
At a White House signing ceremony Monday, Obama said that he was among the nearly 90% of smokers who took up the habit before their 18 th birthday.
Obama, who has publicly struggled to give up smoking, said he still hadn’t completely kicked the habit. Every now and then he still smokes in secret.
“As a former smoker I struggle with it all the time. Do I still smoke sometimes? Yes. Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No.” Obama said at a news conference.
“I don' t do it in front of my lads.I don ?t do it in front of my family.I would say that I am 95% cured, but there are times when I mess up, " he said.
"Once you go down this path, it' s something you continually struggle with, which is exactly why the law is so important.The new law is not about me, it' s about the next generation of kids coming up.What we don ' t want is kids going down that path," he said.
Nearly 20% of Americans smoke and tobacco use kills about 440,000 people a year in the United States due to cancer, heart disease, and other serious diseases.
- 1.
The new law makes life difficult for .
- A.Obama
- B.tobacco industry
- C.White House
- D.US Food and Drug Administration
- A.
- 2.
What do we know about Obama?
- A.He no longer smokes.
- B.He still smokes as usual.
- C.He began to smoke at eighteen.
- D.He is trying hard to give up smoking.
- A.
- 3.
According to the passage, Obama is most concerned about .
- A.children
- B.officials
- C.his family
- D.Businessmen
- A.